patrick.net

Ten years ago this month - January 2006 - The Wall Street Journal and The New Criterion published my first draft of what would become the thesis of my bestselling book, America Alone. The Journal headline sums it up: "It's the Demography, Stupid." Opening paragraph:

Most people reading this have strong stomachs, so let me lay it out as baldly as I can: Much of what we loosely call the Western world will not survive this century, and much of it will effectively disappear within our lifetimes, including many if not most Western European countries. There'll probably still be a geographical area on the map marked as Italy or the Netherlands--probably--just as in Istanbul there's still a building called St. Sophia's Cathedral. But it's not a cathedral; it's merely a designation for a piece of real estate. Likewise, Italy and the Netherlands will merely be designations for real estate. The challenge for those who reckon Western civilization is on balance better than the alternatives is to figure out a way to save at least some parts of the West.

The argument was straightforward. The western world is going out of business because it's given up having babies. The 20th century welfare state, with its hitherto unknown concepts such as spending a third of your adult lifetime in "retirement", is premised on the basis that there will be enough new citizens to support the old. But there won't be. Lazy critics of my thesis thought that I was making a "prediction", and that my predictions were no more reliable than Al Gore's or Michael Mann's on the looming eco-apocalypse. I tried to explain that it's not really a prediction at all:

When it comes to forecasting the future, the birthrate is the nearest thing to hard numbers. If only a million babies are born in 2006, it's hard to have two million adults enter the workforce in 2026 (or 2033, or 2037, or whenever they get around to finishing their Anger Management and Queer Studies degrees). And the hard data on babies around the Western world is that they're running out a lot faster than the oil is. "Replacement" fertility rate--i.e., the number you need for merely a stable population, not getting any bigger, not getting any smaller--is 2.1 babies per woman. Some countries are well above that: the global fertility leader, Somalia, is 6.91, Niger 6.83, Afghanistan 6.78, Yemen 6.75. Notice what those nations have in common?

Scroll way down to the bottom of the Hot One Hundred top breeders and you'll eventually find the United States, hovering just at replacement rate with 2.07 births per woman. Ireland is 1.87, New Zealand 1.79, Australia 1.76. But Canada's fertility rate is down to 1.5, well below replacement rate; Germany and Austria are at 1.3, the brink of the death spiral; Russia and Italy are at 1.2; Spain 1.1, about half replacement rate. That's to say, Spain's population is halving every generation. By 2050, Italy's population will have fallen by 22%.

Enter Islam, which sportingly volunteered to be the children we couldn't be bothered having ourselves, and which kind offer was somewhat carelessly taken up by the post-Christian west. As I wrote a decade ago:

The design flaw of the secular social-democratic state is that it requires a religious-society birthrate to sustain it. Post-Christian hyperrationalism is, in the objective sense, a lot less rational than Catholicism or Mormonism. Indeed, in its reliance on immigration to ensure its future, the European Union has adopted a 21st-century variation on the strategy of the Shakers, who were forbidden from reproducing and thus could increase their numbers only by conversion.

That didn't work out too great for the Shakers, but the Europeans figured it would be a piece of cake for them: "westernization" is so seductive, so appealing that, notwithstanding the occasional frothing imam and burka-bagged crone, their young Muslims would fall for the siren song of secular progressivism just like they themselves had. So, as long as you kept the immigrants coming, there would be no problem - as long as you oomphed up the scale of the solution. As I put it:

To avoid collapse, European nations will need to take in immigrants at a rate no stable society has ever attempted.

Last year, Angela Merkel decided to attempt it. The German Chancellor cut to the chase and imported in twelve months 1.1 million Muslim "refugees". That doesn't sound an awful lot out of 80 million Germans, but, in fact, the 1.1 million Muslim are overwhelmingly (80 per cent plus) fit, virile, young men. Germany has fewer than ten million people in the same population cohort, among whom Muslims are already over-represented: the median age of Germans as a whole is 46, the median age of German Muslims is 34. But let's keep the numbers simple, and assume that of those ten million young Germans half of them are ethnic German males. Frau Merkel is still planning to bring in another million "refugees" this year. So by the end of 2016 she will have imported a population equivalent to 40 per cent of Germany's existing young male cohort. The future is here now: It's not about "predictions".

On standard patterns of "family reunification", these two million "refugees" will eventually bring another four or five persons each from their native lands - or another eight-to-ten million. In the meantime, they have the needs of all young lads, and no one around to gratify them except the local womenfolk. Hence, New Year's Eve in Cologne, and across the southern border the Vienna police chief warning women not to go out unaccompanied, and across the northern border:

Danish nightclubs demand guests have to speak Danish, English or German to be allowed in after 'foreign men in groups' attack female revellers

But don't worry, it won't be a problem for long: On the German and Swedish "migrant" numbers, there won't be a lot of "female revelry" in Europe's future. The formerly firebreathing feminists at The Guardian and the BBC are already falling as mute as battered wives - saying nothing, looking away, making excuses, clutching at rationalizations... Ten years ago, I wrote:

The problem is that secondary-impulse societies mistake their weaknesses for strengths--or, at any rate, virtues--and that's why they're proving so feeble at dealing with a primal force like Islam.

"Multiculturalism" was less an immigration policy than an advertisement of our moral virtue. So the really bad thing about New Year's Eve is not that Continental women got groped and raped by coarse backward "migrants", but that all these gropes and rapes might provoke the even more coarse and backward natives. I did all the gags a decade ago:

The old definition of a nanosecond was the gap between the traffic light changing in New York and the first honk from a car behind. The new definition is the gap between a terrorist bombing and the press release from an Islamic lobby group warning of a backlash against Muslims.

And so it goes ten years on. We're beyond parody now. A decade back, I noted:

Then September 11 happened. And bizarrely the reaction of just about every prominent Western leader was to visit a mosque: President Bush did, the prince of Wales did, the prime minister of the United Kingdom did, the prime minister of Canada did . . . The premier of Ontario didn't, and so 20 Muslim community leaders had a big summit to denounce him for failing to visit a mosque... But for whatever reason he couldn't fit it into his hectic schedule. Ontario's citizenship minister did show up at a mosque, but the imams took that as a great insult, like the Queen sending Fergie to open the Commonwealth Games.

Nobody makes that mistake these days. Six Canadians working for a Quebec Catholic humanitarian organization repairing schoolrooms in Burkina Faso get slaughtered by Muslim terrorists, and the Prince Minister skedaddles to a mosque run by a woman-hating loon to hold the moment of silence.

Like I said, I did all the jokes way back when, and it's not so funny after ten years. My thesis was straightforward: a semi-Muslim France will not be France; it will be something other, and - if you happen to value things like freedom of speech and women's rights - it will be something worse:

Can a society become increasingly Islamic in its demographic character without becoming increasingly Islamic in its political character?

This ought to be the left's issue. I'm a conservative--I'm not entirely on board with the Islamist program when it comes to beheading sodomites and so on, but I agree Britney Spears dresses like a slut: I'm with Mullah Omar on that one. Why then, if your big thing is feminism or abortion or gay marriage, are you so certain that the cult of tolerance will prevail once the biggest demographic in your society is cheerfully intolerant? Who, after all, are going to be the first victims of the West's collapsed birthrates?

And so it goes, on the streets of the most "liberal" "progressive" cities on the planet.

A few weeks before The Wall Street Journal published my piece, I discussed its themes at an event in New York whose speakers included Douglas Murray. Douglas was more optimistic: He suggested that Muslim populations in Europe were still small, and immigration policy could be changed: Easier said than done. My essay and book were so influential that in the decade since, the rate of Islamization in the west has increased - via all three principal methods: Muslim immigration, Muslim birthrates of those already here, Muslim conversion of the infidels. David Goldman thinks aging, childless Germany has embraced civilizational suicide as redemption for their blood-soaked sins. Maybe. But it is less clear why the Continent's less tainted polities - impeccably "neutral" Sweden, for example - are so eager to join them. As I wrote:

Permanence is the illusion of every age. In 1913, no one thought the Russian, Austrian, German and Turkish empires would be gone within half a decade. Seventy years on, all those fellows who dismissed Reagan as an "amiable dunce" (in Clark Clifford's phrase) assured us the Soviet Union was likewise here to stay. The CIA analysts' position was that East Germany was the ninth biggest economic power in the world. In 1987 there was no rash of experts predicting the imminent fall of the Berlin Wall, the Warsaw Pact and the USSR itself.

Somewhere, deep down, the European political class understands that the Great Migrations have accelerated the future I outlined way back when:

Can these trends continue for another 30 years without having consequences? Europe by the end of this century will be a continent after the neutron bomb: The grand buildings will still be standing, but the people who built them will be gone. We are living through a remarkable period: the self-extinction of the races who, for good or ill, shaped the modern world.

It's the biggest story of our time, and, ten years on, Europe's leaders still can't talk about it, not to their own peoples, not honestly. For all the "human rights" complaints, and death threats from halfwits, and subtler rejections from old friends who feel I'm no longer quite respectable, I'm glad I brought it up. And it's well past time for others to speak out.

http://www.steynonline.com/7428/it-still-the-demography-stupid

DemoralizerOfPanicans says

Birth defects are overwhelmingly due to aged eggs.

Correct, as the 40+ ladies use young donor sperm.

DemoralizerOfPanicans says

Another new cope is that "old sperm" is responsible. Eggs are the large gamete and don't get renewed; sperm is the small gamete and is renewed every few days. Birth defects are overwhelmingly due to aged eggs.

I used to sit by this guy at work. Super cool dude but he wore earbuds everywhere I saw him in the building. At his desk, in the lunchroom, in the bathroom. I gave him a hard time one day and told him his life has a sound track.

Anyhoo, it turns out, for Autism at least there is also a link with older men. First time older men got any blame for anything. If I recall he said something like it explained ~50% of cases. The structural variants in the paper are basically big chucks of dna in chromosomes missing. Or flipped around. Or moved somewhere else they don't belong.

I did an AI search:

William Brandler's prominent autism research focuses on the genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), specifically the contribution of rare inherited genetic mutations in noncoding regions of the genome. His key research findings and publications include:

Paternally inherited noncoding structural variants contribute to autism

Key finding: Brandler and his colleagues discovered that children with ASD are more likely to inherit specific structural variants in noncoding DNA from their fathers.

Significance: This finding added to the understanding of ASD's genetic roots beyond previously identified de novo (spontaneous) mutations in protein-coding regions. It suggests that rare, inherited, noncoding variants with intermediate effects play a role in increasing the risk for autism.

Publication: This research was published in Science in 2018 under the title, "Paternally inherited cis-regulatory structural variants are associated with autism".

Personalized therapeutic interventions

Key finding: In a 2015 review paper, Brandler and Jonathan Sebat discussed the shift toward personalized therapeutic interventions for ASD, given the diversity of genetic causes and underlying biochemical pathways.

Significance: Their paper emphasizes how the growing understanding of specific autism genes and causal variants supports the use of clinical genetic testing to inform personalized therapy for individuals with ASD.

Publication: This was published in the Annual Review of Medicine under the title, "From de novo mutations to personalized therapeutic interventions in autism".

High diversity of de novo mutations

Key finding: Brandler was a co-author on a 2016 paper that uncovered a high diversity and complex clustering of de novo (spontaneous) mutations in subjects with autism. The study's method for analyzing whole-genome sequencing identified structural mutations that were previously undetectable.

Significance: This research showed that a high rate of structural mutations contributes to the genetic risk for ASD.

Publication: "Frequency and Complexity of De Novo Structural Mutation in Autism" was published in the American Journal of Human Genetics.

Handedness and autism genetics

Key finding: Brandler has also published research on related neurodevelopmental topics, including a study examining the genetic relationship between handedness and autism.
Publication: "The genetic relationship between handedness and neurodevelopmental disorders" was published in 2013 in PubMed.

These papers highlight Brandler's contributions to understanding the complex genetic landscape of autism, particularly the role of noncoding DNA and inherited risk factors.

Just Autism, we never discussed the myriad of other genetic diseases people can get from rotten eggs.

Maga_Chaos_Monkey says

Just Autism, we never discussed the myriad of other genetic diseases people can get from rotten eggs.

If old eggs or old sperm was the problem, then we would have seen a history where the latest born kids in large families would be autistic.

HeadSet says

If old eggs or old sperm was the problem, then we would have seen a history where the latest born kids in large families would be autistic.

I don't know that this is not true. What we do know: Structural variants (SVs) in CREs were preferentially transmitted from fathers to children with ASD.

So we find the structural defect in the dad (sperm or sperm generating cells), then in the child and it maps to ASD.

A CRE (cis-regulatory element) is a region of non-coding DNA that regulates the transcription of nearby genes. CREs function by binding to transcription factors—proteins that control when, where, and how much a gene is expressed.

I looked if I could find any trend with the latest born kids:

- Some studies suggest firstborn children may have a slightly higher risk of autism compared to later-born siblings.

- Other research indicates that increasing birth order is associated with more severe autism phenotypes at diagnosis, meaning later-born children who are diagnosed may show greater symptom severity.

- A significant factor is interpregnancy interval (the time between births): both very short (<12 months) and very long (>6 years) intervals are linked to a higher risk of autism in the younger sibling, regardless of birth order.

- Having an older sibling with autism is a strong risk factor, increasing the younger sibling’s risk by up to 14 times, but this is not due to birth order itself.

So there are a lot of other reasons for this. Like Tylenol lol... I think vaccines too but that's just my opinion.

What is interesting about Will's research as it isn't a theory it's empirical data. For a long time that type of data couldn't be collected due to limits of tech.

You make a good point though. It could be that the 'old dad' effect is simply swamped by other factors. Doesn't mean it's not a factor though.

This guy writes a good article on the effects of demographic collapse OTHER than economic.

South Korea, which stands at 0.75 births per woman. In 1 generation, the working-age population of South Korea will contract from what it is now (51.5 million people) to 19 million people.

That is economically apocalyptic.

By 2035 (10 years from now), China is estimated to have a population of 400 million people above the age of 60.
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So far, no nation has managed to turn around a negative fertility rate. Expect this to become a wedge issue between future political parties.
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If current trends continue, then by the year 2200, the Amish will represent the majority of American citizens. In the year 1900, there were only a few thousand Amish people. As of 2018, there were approaching 350,000 Amish people. As of 2025, the current Amish population is estimated to be around 400,000

https://alwaysthehorizon.substack.com/p/demographic-decline-a-long-term-sociology

And this:

https://youtu.be/BZORu7EkpyM?si=_Srgra0nvyFtW7n_

Bush Jr cracked West Virginia as it went Republican in 2000 and stayed that way.

https://wvmetronews.com/2022/02/15/demography-is-destiny/

https://x.com/DrewPavlou/status/1980550166479605926

Patrick says

https://x.com/DrewPavlou/status/1980550166479605926

Remember, it takes a man and a woman to make a baby. So, 130 million people is really 65 million couples. At 2.5 kids per couple, that is 162.5 million descendants. Also keep in mind that most killed were men, so the surviving men would have to service several women each to keep those numbers up.

Top tier Chinese cities now have a TFR of 0.25!

No Chinese city has a TFR above 0.80.

Japan is doing better after 30 years of dealing with this. Not great, but better than China, South Korea, Germany, and Italy.


https://youtu.be/fjFQQ5Q_U-A?si=otozqTx7QAlWTxDw

Patrick says

True, but Eve did bring a lot of heartache into the world. Eve was deceived by Satan. Adam decided to sin after Eve ate the forbidden fruit. And every evil in this present world came about because Adam chose to follow Eve/Satan’s Lies rather than God. Of course there isn’t a man alive who can honestly say that they would have resisted the temptation, so we all are guilty of eating the forbidden fruit in the end, unless we repent and turn to Jesus Christ as our savior.

MolotovCocktail says

Top tier Chinese cities now have a TFR of 0.25!

No Chinese city has a TFR above 0.80.

China is going to be another great study in how all the smart experts and intelligence agencies "missed". Like India's nuke or the Soviet internal collapse.

You can't be advertising 3%+ GDP annual growth but have a stock exchange stay basically flat over a decade.

Patrick says

I wonder how many acts of intercourse he got per kid. Isn't there a per capita mileage adjustment or something?

INSIDIOUS PROJECT.


Take in infinity third worlds, but getting Western Countries to the replacement rate is an INSIDIOUS PROJECT

DemoralizerOfPanicans says

INSIDIOUS PROJECT.


Take in infinity third worlds, but getting Western Countries to the replacement rate is an INSIDIOUS PROJECT

Amish TFR is 7ish.

Patrick says

WookieMan says

Work on your own yard and not some illegal landscaper. Get some exercise so you're not fat.

Even better, transform that front lawn into a garden and get:

1. exercise
2. sun
3. food
4. savings on food and landscaping
5. connection to nature, knowing how things grow

Here in the silicon valley (a.k.a.: desert), the water for the food would cost more than importing food from elsewhere. If you could get your home declared as a "farm" with the water and tax benefits that entails, you could probably make it work. On the other hand, if you're not working hard at a high-tech job and earning a lot of money, your best move would be ot flee. If you are working at a high-tech job and earning a lot of money, then you'd be better off spending the extra time further pursuing that avenue.

MolotovCocktail says

Amish TFR is 7ish.

I've read that their fundamental limit is the amount of affordable but fertile farm land to expand into. Some of them have gone to Central and South America.

They also have an inbreeding problem since their initial numbers were fairly small.

SunnyvaleCA says

Here in the silicon valley (a.k.a.: desert), the water for the food would cost more than importing food from elsewhere.

True, but it's not about the money. It always costs more to raise your own food because mega-farms have such economies of scale.

It's about a measure of independence and the other benefits above, exercise, sun, etc. Even coding is like that: dependency vs duplication. Do you make your program dependent on some library which could disappear or change, or inline that library?

I've often wondered how much water falls on the roof of my house per year, how much I could collect via the gutters, and whether it would help significantly with watering.

I've read that in some places, it's actually illegal to collect the water that falls on your house, as if that could make a significant impact to water supplies. I watch San Francisquito Creek fill up and dump into the bay every winter. Seems more like such a law is designed to discourage independence.

https://x.com/Sargon_of_Akkad/status/1988690358734069823

Why isn't a TradCath like Nick with a huge following not getting married? He doesn't even have a girlfriend yet. He's almost 30.

SunnyvaleCA says

Here in the silicon valley (a.k.a.: desert), the water for the food would cost more than importing food from elsewhere.

The Santa Clara Valley used to be highly productive farmland.

https://www.openspaceauthority.org/agriculture

https://rudy.substack.com/p/the-increasing-economic-fragility

Karl Denninger:

Our solution to inflation in the 1970s - which was mostly Nixon and Ford, but Carter got the blame for it - the solution to that was to force women out of the house and into the workforce. And when that started…you had the whole generation that was called latchkey kids. You came home from school and basically you’re in the house until mom got home, right? Well, then we ratcheted that down to the point that now you need daycares for infants. Well, okay. That for a couple of kids is, what, 30 grand a year? $30,000 a year. Thousand dollar a month per kid, something like this, right? You can’t make that work unless you’ve got a $150,000 income between the two of you. Your wife goes to work, or you go to work, and when neither of you stays home, you both go to work. Basically, none of that second salary ends up going to the improvement in your standard of living because it all gets sucked up by the health care and the child care costs if you have children.

So, what happens? People decide not to have any kids. How do they get away from it? Well, that’s one way. That’s a veto you can’t overrule. And you see it in the data. It’s very clear. It takes 20 years to decide to have a child and grow that child to adulthood from the time you make the decision. You don’t get the kid in the workforce being productive for 20 years. Like it or not, that’s the way it works. If we continue to do this in another 10 or 20 years, you’re not going to have to worry about house prices. You’re not going to have to worry about asset prices, because you’re not going to have any people who are going to be able to wipe the old people’s ass. And there aren’t going to be any young people that want to buy your house when you don’t need the large house anymore.

Inflation, which caused this disaster, is 100% a creation of the Federal Reserve, stealing from everyone every day.

The Fed must be abolished, interest rates set by the market alone, and money must be defined as silver by weight.

AD says

Booger says

Nicaragua is a 53 and has not much excuse compared to Somalia which has been under constant civil war for at least 30 years

https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country

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WorldPopulationReview uses the data of the International IQ test average IQ by country report. Somalia isn't present in the ranking due to insufficient data, and Nicaragua is lower in the ranking with an IQ of 88.7.

IQ scores below 70 are clinically considered an indicator of Intellectual Disability, so it's very unlikely for any country to have an average IQ below that threshold.

IQ of Somalia

The reported average IQ for Somalia varies significantly across different sources, with estimates ranging from 67 to 92.57. One source citing a 2006 study by Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen claims an average IQ of 68 for Somalia, a figure that has been widely criticized and discredited due to flawed methodology and lack of representative data This estimate, which assumes Somalia's IQ is an average of Ethiopia and Kenya based on unrepresentative samples, has been described as a "fake number" and is not supported by rigorous research Other sources provide higher estimates: a 2025 analysis from IQ-Global Test reports an average IQ of 92.57 based on over 100 responses, ranking Somalia 148th globally Another source, IQ Haven, reports an average of 72.67 based on a high-range IQ test, though this data is from 2022 and may not reflect the broader population A 2017 study of Somali refugees in Kenya found an average IQ of 66.8, slightly lower than the 68 estimate, but this sample is not representative of the entire population Additional claims, such as an average IQ of 84 or 85, are based on broader regional assessments that consider factors like conflict and education access The inconsistency among these figures highlights the challenges in measuring national IQ averages, particularly in countries with limited infrastructure and data collection

https://search.brave.com/search?q=iq+of+somalia&source=desktop&conversation=7185a82b9d6b482f8eb771&summary=1

The very highest estimate is 92, based on 100 responses, rather than a general population sampling. Most research done points to well below 90.

Patrick says

That for a couple of kids is, what, 30 grand a year? $30,000 a year. Thousand dollar a month per kid, something like this, right? You can’t make that work unless you’ve got a $150,000 income between the two of you. Your wife goes to work, or you go to work, and when neither of you stays home, you both go to work. Basically, none of that second salary ends up going to the improvement in your standard of living because it all gets sucked up by the health care and the child care costs if you have children.

This used to work when neighborhoods were full of older Silent Gen/Greatest Gen empty nester housewives. Who were happy to watch younger kids for a few extra bucks a week and still young/healthy enough and in quantity to do so. It collapsed when they aged out and most women worked.

Consanguineous marriage, particularly between first or second cousins, is reported to be relatively common in certain regions of Somalia, though data varies significantly by clan and region. A 2019 genetic study of Ethiopian Somalis found that 48.7% of individuals were products of first or second cousin marriages, with an average inbreeding coefficient (FROH) of 0.018, which is higher than the typical coefficient for second cousin offspring.
Regional rates in similar cultures range from 44% to 63%.

In northern Somalia, traditional marriage practices often involve contracting unions between previously non-related families to establish new alliances.
In southern Somalia, the preferred spouse is often a patrilateral parallel cousin, either real or classificatory.
While cousin marriage is not universally common across all Somali clans, it is more prevalent in certain groups, particularly those with stronger ties to Arab heritage.
Some sources indicate that it is more common in smaller clans or among specific subgroups, such as the Reer Badiya, though it is often arranged or encouraged by older family members to strengthen familial bonds.

https://search.brave.com/search?q=consanguinity+by+country+somalia&source=web&conversation=e974c1a33ec94232cbc86b&summary=1

From perplexity.ai:

Meta‑style reviews and classic studies suggest an average drop of about 2.5–3.5 IQ points for children of first cousins (about 0.15–0.25 standard deviations).

Some individual studies in highly inbred populations report larger differences (up to 8–10 points), but those settings often combine multiple generations of consanguinity and other risk factors, so they are not typical for a one‑off first‑cousin marriage.

More important than the small shift in average IQ is the increased risk at the low end:

A classic analysis estimated the risk of “mental retardation” (IQ <70 in older terminology) rising from about 1.2% with unrelated parents to about 6.2% for children of first cousins.

This is thought to be due to recessive disease alleles becoming homozygous more often when parents share ancestry at many loci.

One point I learned in too many years of biology in college is that everyone has a few defective genes making nonfunctional proteins, but normally, you also have a different gene from the other parent at the same locus (as gene locations are called).

The other gene is unlikely to also happen to be defective, so most genetic diseases require inheriting the same bad gene from both parents. This is why inbreeding causes problems.

There is an opposite effect, called "outbreeding depression" in which it's beneficial to disable a gene in a certain environment. A simple example is genes for dark skin. In sunny climates, these genes help protect the skin, but in northern climates, they result in vitamin D deficiency and a resulting increase in disease. So in northern climates, people with broken genes for melanin did better in life when they got the same broken gene from both parents via inbreeding, eventually displacing people with dark skin completely in Europe. So a bit of inbreeding helped them, and outbreeding hurt them.

Also interesting: a vast number of your genes code for the brain and for joint structure, so typical signs of inbreeding are retardation and defective joints.