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New Paradigm? The Rise of Mortgage-Backed Securities


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2006 Oct 24, 7:11am   15,530 views  174 comments

by HARM   ➕follow (0)   💰tip   ignore  

Option-ARM

This is a topic that seems to come up fairly often and I think is worth exploring: Does the rise of Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs) represent a true "paradigm shift" in how risk is decoupled from mortgage originators/lenders and transferred to individual investors and taxpayers? Is this a temporary trend soon to follow unprofitable Dot.coms into the dustbin of history, or a true revolution in risk transference?

MBS/CMO goal: Privatize profits, socialize risk

We have often derided those in the REIC over the past year or so who have claimed that the unprecedented run-up in housing prices over the last 6 years was a "new paradigm", i.e., a permanent, historic shift in severing the traditional relationships between incomes, rents and RE prices. But what if there's a kernel of truth to this?

We must remember that MBS/CMOs are what have made issuing NAAVLPs and I/Os profitable, even with tiny risk premiums, because of that oh-so-critical risk-transference. Even the most toxic option-ARM is profitable to the originating lender –in fact, the fees & points (profits) are far higher on toxic loans than they are on traditional 15/30-year FRMs or amortizing ARMs. If you're a lender, why wouldn't you want to take boat-loads of risk-free (for you) money? You'd have to be crazy not to, right? Of course, there's always the possibility of repurchase agreements or class-action lawsuits if things get really bad, but, hey that's for some other guy to worry about. You're in it for the short-term profits and couldn't care less about the long view, right?

The new MBS/CMO risk transfer model has been working SO well for lenders that I fear only a complete economic meltdown (resulting from it) would deter banks from voluntarily continuing its use in the future. And, as Randy has pointed out, the current anti-regulation/pro-banking bias in government is so strong, involuntary regulations (with real enforcement) are pretty much out of the question –for now.

I believe our best hope where toxic loans are concerned is for MBS investors to begin to recognize that the underlying risk has been severely under-priced and demand greater premiums and/or risk disclosure. This should result in higher mortgage interest rates and the return of "quaint" things like full-documentation, which in turn would deter widespread use of these loans. Of course, this would require FB defaults on a massive scale, something we could expect to see beginning next year, and continuing in waves for several more years.

"Next year, a trillion dollars worth of mortgages will have their rates reset, said Dan Mudd, chief executive officer of Fannie Mae. That's a significant share of $9 trillion in mortgages outstanding, he said."
Source: Reuters

Add to that the roughly $.5 Trillion that started resetting this year, and another $1 Trillion that will start resetting in 2008, and you have approximately $2.5 Trillion in neg-ams and option-ARMs that will be resetting monthly by end of 2008. We're not talking small resets either. When you factor in a typical 1-2% "teaser" shooting up to LIBOR + 2-3% (typical mark-up for option-ARMs), PLUS the loans starting to amortize (having to start paying back principal as well as full interest), payments could shoot up 100-200% for Mr & Mrs. Howmuchamonth.

Thoughts, opinions...?
HARM

#housing

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73   Peter P   2006 Oct 25, 2:28am  

Isn’t Campbell down near you somewhere?

Thanks SFWoman. I will check it out.

Oxtail soup may still be difficult though. British beef.

I think mad-cow disease is over-hyped though.

74   DinOR   2006 Oct 25, 2:43am  

skibum,

I've gotta agree. I can't imagine what Tom Stevens or anyone else at NAR could be thinking? In almost any other business when you have excess inventory putting it off until another quarter or another fiscal year seldom resolves anything. True, in RE the "owner" is paying for the cost "warehousing" the stock but either way it's a burden.

Maybe that's the way we should view NAR's relationship w/the country. We pay the carrying cost for the "merchandise" and they get a commission if and when it sells? At whatever price? I don't know about you guys but anytime I've been charged with moving inventory the first thing you do is at least attempt to sell it existing mark up. Then you discount until you're left with basically close outs and/or consider writing it off as a loss?

Perhaps b/c you believe that "they aren't making any more of it" that it will somehow appreciate or at least retain it's value over the fall and winter and then be able to retail it again in the spring? My experience has been if you can't sell it the previous qtr/year at that price it becomes even more difficult as time goes on. I just don't know where these guys are trying to take the buying public?

75   astrid   2006 Oct 25, 2:47am  

"and when your daughter (whom you support almost entirely) asks you if she can claim herself so she can “get back” $346 in taxes…… that doesn’t help either!"

DinOR,

If it makes you feel better, this sort of thing happens in reverse too. My boyfriends' parents dropped his car insurance coverage with them (oh, and unlike your daughter, did not bother to tell him til after the fact) when he went on a 3 months internship in Germany. Result? Maybe $200 of savings to his parents and several years of ramped up car insurance because he had lapsed coverage.

76   skibum   2006 Oct 25, 2:49am  

@mojo,

I'm certainly one of the less qualified people on this board to comment on this, but I will anyway...

I'm no gold bug, but I do have a small portion of my portfolio in a gold-related mutual fund. Very volatile, but I think it's reasonable to keep some stake in this asset class.

I check out kitco.com once in a while to see what's going on:

http://www.kitco.com/charts/livegold.html

You can see that prices didn't really shoot up until about a year ago, more acutely from this winter into Spring, but they've been on the decline since then. So current prices are not too bubbly imo when you compare to longer term prices. Gold investment's all about your concern/fears for geopolitical destabilization, US monetary instability, and oil prices. I don't claim to have a firm grasp of how all these factors affect gold prices, but there you go.

Speaking of this, it seems about this time last year there were a slew of gold bugs on all the RE blogs. Where are they now?

77   DinOR   2006 Oct 25, 2:52am  

SP,

We could make an entire thread on that topic! Obviously I have a vested interest in that and it would make MY business grow immensely. And why not? No one's happy, everyone feels "captive" and performance is lackluster at best. Just sign here that we are forwarding your contribution along w/vested portion to ABC Firm and you are absolving us of any and all liability! Where's the problem?

The way I see that being an uphill battle is that the fund company lobby is powerful and I believe the employers list these funds as an asset on their balance sheet? Since employers are doing everything possible to wash their hands of this where's the problem? Hey, I'll send you a duplicate confirm alright!

78   skibum   2006 Oct 25, 2:53am  

not compared to the valuation of Youtube though Isn’t Google worth ~Youtube X 100? See what happens when you have funny funds to play with?

@SF Guy,

Even better! Did anyone else have a flashback to 1999 when the YouTube story came out?

79   astrid   2006 Oct 25, 2:54am  

skibum,

I'm still here. My enthusiasm for gold waxes and wanes with my natural cycle of paranoia. I'd still rather be primarily in commodities and cash equivalents for the next couple years, and the rest in ETF or index funds.

80   DinOR   2006 Oct 25, 2:59am  

astrid,

Good morning btw! Yeah I do hear ya'. As parents we're very careful of these penny wise, pound foolish traps and they are legion! They way we've kind of gotten around that is b/c I do most of my work from home I basically threatened the agent with pulling our business if they didn't make allowances for that. You just gotta call them on everything.

(Also you have to give too) so I do other things with them that makes the rep look good to his regional mgr. If you work it right, throw some referrals at him/her and be receptive to what they're peddling and you'd be surprised with what you can get away with.

81   skibum   2006 Oct 25, 3:08am  

@DinOR,

Nice analogy re: sales inventory. It just highlights the fact that Realtors are truly middlemen, profiting off the transaction process. The claimed services they offer are not worth the going commission rate (6%). But we've beat this dead horse back to the Stone Age before on previous threads.

82   Claire   2006 Oct 25, 3:11am  

Peter P -

British Beef is probably safer than US or Canadian now.

Also, have you tried cooking a chicken upside down and turning it right side up for the last 20 mins or so to brown the skin (with some seasoning and water in the bottom of the pan)? - I believe that makes the breast meat juicier.

Have you tried Piazza's for Bovril? They have Bisto and OXO, but never looked for Bovril - in their store in Palo Alto - don't know about other locations. Now all I need to do is find the Shepherd's Pie mix again.

83   skibum   2006 Oct 25, 3:13am  

RE: The 401K choice issue: I'd play devil's advocate and say SP, DinOR and others are asking questions 90%+ (random guess) of employees don't ask. It's well-established that the bigger problem is that most employees don't even fully vest in their retirement plans. That's the first problem. Then there's the well-established phenomenon of paralysis due to too much choice. My suggestion is to keep it simple. What employers should do is offer more low-thought but reasonable choice fund options. Indexed funds would work, as well as the "life-cycle" type funds that automatically change allocation as you get older. These types of options would probably work much better for the vast majority of employees.

84   Peter P   2006 Oct 25, 3:17am  

Also, have you tried cooking a chicken upside down and turning it right side up for the last 20 mins or so to brown the skin (with some seasoning and water in the bottom of the pan)? - I believe that makes the breast meat juicier.

Thanks for the tip.

British Beef is probably safer than US or Canadian now.

I never worried about BSE. It is probably just another international vegetarian conspiracy. :)

Have you tried Piazza’s for Bovril? They have Bisto and OXO, but never looked for Bovril - in their store in Palo Alto - don’t know about other locations. Now all I need to do is find the Shepherd’s Pie mix again.

I will try. Bovril should not be a big challenge. I have seen them in Half Moon Bay ($8+ though). They have Marmite too!

I may have too cook my own oxtail soup from scratch though.

85   Claire   2006 Oct 25, 3:22am  

Yeah - but I have this feeling that the people offering the 401k's have vested interest in steering people to the more expensive funds - like Great Western Retirement Services - where are they getting their money from to operate? From inflated fund prices or kickbacks for favoring select fund offerings? I don't know because nothing is clear cut.

I think I am very paranoid about this, but this is because the information they give you is very vague, fund prices are hard to follow as they have their own way of working out how much your funds are worth, and often don't exactly correlate to what the market funds are named or priced at. Clear as mud comes to mind, and makes me very wary.

86   Glen   2006 Oct 25, 3:27am  

Correction on my post from waaay back:

Conoco Philips: >$22 Billion in earnings in the last 3 years, $104B market cap.

Google:

87   Glen   2006 Oct 25, 3:28am  

Dang it!

Why won't my comment register? GOOG has less than two billion dollars in earnings and a one-hundred forty-five billion dollar market cap... Now will it register?

88   Claire   2006 Oct 25, 3:29am  

Peter P - Piazza's has Marmite, can't remember the price though - they have a little British Section with quite a few goodies, and carry hellishly expensive Christmas Puds closer to Christmas - or they did last year.

A friend has also recommended CostPlus World Foods (Mountain View) as a source of some goodies, but I have never been in there to check. And speaking to some other friends - a lot of the Indian supermarkets carry "English" lines too.

89   Glen   2006 Oct 25, 3:29am  

Oh... I see the problem.... can't use the "less than" symbol.

90   Claire   2006 Oct 25, 3:32am  

Glen - the other issue is how many sharaes are issued in total by each company - I haven't checked either examples, but if has issued a lot more shares than the other, then they should be worth less per share.

91   Different Sean   2006 Oct 25, 3:33am  

speaking of inflation, it looks like another interest rate reset:

Reserve chief throws on inflation anchors

oh, wrong reserve, wrong country, heh

tipped to increase int rates on nov 8 -- inflation is at the top end of the comfortable range ~ 4%. last time it happened in the 90s, they tacked about 3% onto interest rates all at once...

apart from higher fuel costs flowing into everything, i suspect the housing boom and high mortgages as being the culprit also -- high repayments mean cost of goods and services also go up -- followed by upward pressure on wages. any concurrence from the econ experts here?

92   DinOR   2006 Oct 25, 3:33am  

Person,

I'll agree. That's my whole point. The "employer dependent" stranglehold is what I try to break with each plan I set up! I tell these guys (many of whom have served on boards etc.) you're all big boys here and there's no crying if you lose! If it's publicly traded and legal for ret. accounts you got it! If I see someone doubling down after they just doubled down, I'll give them a call but everyone is free to follow their fancy. It's really revolutionary! More people should try it.

93   Peter P   2006 Oct 25, 3:38am  

GOOG worths this much if and only if people believes that it will worth a lot more sometime in the future.

Forget fundamentals. They are invented by unicorns.

94   Claire   2006 Oct 25, 3:40am  

Stock market sounds more and more like legal gambling to me....

95   Peter P   2006 Oct 25, 3:42am  

Stock market sounds more and more like legal gambling to me….

What is the difference? Gambling should be legalized anyway. More tax revenue!

96   Glen   2006 Oct 25, 3:52am  

Claire,

Price per share and # of shares is irrelevant. What *is* relevant is the earnings per share. My point is that over the last 3 years, GOOG has earned $2B. THe market cap is $145B. This means that if you assume no growth in earnings, if you bought the whole company you would be getting a yield of around .45%. Conoco, meanwhile, has earned $22B on a $104B market cap. This translates to a yield of around 7%.

Maybe GOOG earnings will go up by 1000%, giving investors a 4.5% yield. But this seems like a heroic assumption--and even if it happens the yield would be less than a ten year bond. And maybe Conoco earnings will drop by half, giving it a 3.5% yield, but this seems pretty pessimistic--an even if it happens, you are still getting a yield comparable to a savings account.

In the long run, stocks are valued on the basis of their earnings.

Peter P: Were you being sarcastic? Or do you really believe that fundamentals are irrelevant?

97   Peter P   2006 Oct 25, 3:57am  

What if you sold $1 shares in option contracts at gas stations like they do lottery tickets?

You can sell stock and futures options for the premium. However, when things go wrong, they can go really wrong.

Not investment advice.

98   DinOR   2006 Oct 25, 4:09am  

Glen,

(And this does sound ridiculous) another way to look at it is that it would take Google about 219 years at their current rate of earnings to equal their market cap? Yeah, I had to do a double take too.

99   DinOR   2006 Oct 25, 4:17am  

SP,

Can't argue with that! Recent changes in securities law allow Series 65 reg. reps to charge a fee for "advising" people on their 401K options but this is a "paper tiger" b/c your options are limited to what the Benefits Admin. allows! I do this for free b/c in most cases it takes about 15 minutes. There are those that would argue (and I want to tred lightly here) that if you can't wait for these changes to come about either work for a smaller firm OR start your own.

I just don't see how this would benefit larger employers as the brain drain continues when more qualified workers file toward the exit?

100   Different Sean   2006 Oct 25, 4:20am  

another way to look at it is that it would take Google about 219 years at their current rate of earnings to equal their market cap.

hey, those tulip bulbs aren't for planting, they're for selling...

101   skibum   2006 Oct 25, 4:39am  

RE: GOOG. Yeah, I'll say it a different way. The whole google phenomenon is like a vestige from the pre-dotcom bust era. YouTube's greatest asset/invention is not web-based video feeds, it's having invented a TIME MACHINE to 1999.

I'm getting flashbacks. Soon we'll be seeing stories about kids at startups rolling around in scooters again. Please, not that.

102   DinOR   2006 Oct 25, 5:13am  

"invented a TIME MACHINE to 1999" LOL!

Damn!

103   Peter P   2006 Oct 25, 5:23am  

invented a TIME MACHINE to 1999

Homebuyers will love that more.

104   DinOR   2006 Oct 25, 5:28am  

Allah,

Well, realt-whores are going to find out just like those of us in the securities arena that you needn't have participated in shady "IPO" offerings and late trading to take your turn in the barrel!

The sad part is that most of them weren't really doing anything w/their lives when this came along so I've no idea what they'll "go back to"?

105   DinOR   2006 Oct 25, 5:41am  

For the small town realtors (while not having a firm grasp in economics) DID have to exhibit a certain loyalty to their limited client base, these folks I DO feel for.

For "big city" realt-whores, they'll move down to Vegas or wherever they feel is nearest to "1999" and ply their trade there! The only thing they know how to do anymore is to sell RE as an investment! That's how they create their whole sense of urgency w/the prospect. They'll boast to their new employer or partners how the were doing X a year in commissions (fabricated or otherwise) and then demand X % in "pay out" and how they're seasoned professionals etc. etc.

When it becomes obvious that their new "target market" isn't paying off either, they'll become migratory in their pursuit of easy money.

106   EBGuy   2006 Oct 25, 5:59am  

Since this thread is starting to deteriorate, I don't feel bad posting a couple of data points from the the "luxury coastal vacation home market".
Here are the prices for a FSBO 1/10 fractional interest in a Sea Ranch home:
2004: $ 85,000
2005/6: $119,000
2006 now: $ 99,000
The owner does not seem desperate as he has less than $85k on his first mortgage, but he has no probelm seeing what the "market will bear". An interesting window as the "comp" is previous shares sold in the home. Wonder if he sold any shares at the $119k price?

107   e   2006 Oct 25, 6:03am  

I’m getting flashbacks. Soon we’ll be seeing stories about kids at startups rolling around in scooters again. Please, not that.

As I mentioned yesterday, a friend of a friend is at youtube. He's shopping for a helicopter.

108   skibum   2006 Oct 25, 6:28am  

As I mentioned yesterday, a friend of a friend is at youtube. He’s shopping for a helicopter.

Maybe he can supplant HeliBen and drop some of his youtube winnings in cash to help the economy along.

109   Peter P   2006 Oct 25, 6:38am  

As I mentioned yesterday, a friend of a friend is at youtube. He’s shopping for a helicopter.

How much is a new helicopter anyway? Last time I checked it costs less than half of a crappy townhouse in the Bay Area.

I have co-workers who own planes.

110   lunarpark   2006 Oct 25, 6:39am  

Water cooler conversation -

Three clerks in my office were talking about the housing market. One is buying now, one bought last year, one the year before. They all have under $100k combined income. One of them apparently has an adjustable that has gone up $1200 over the course of the loan. I keep hearing about all the "rich" people buying - but of the people I know, it's these lower income people who are jumping into the market. I do know one stock option couple who paid cash for two houses - one Santa Clara and one in Santa Cruz.

Other people I know who have bought:

2003 - San Jose, $70k income, $475k house
2004 - San Francisco $1,000,000 condo, $90k income. Bought another condo to flip at the end of 2005 - last I heard it had not sold and he was going to rent it out.
2004 - Santa Clara, $60k income, $400k house/condo?
2004- San Jose, $150k income, $600k house
2005- Santa Clara, $90k income, $550k condo

I just don't see this ending well at all.

111   Peter P   2006 Oct 25, 6:41am  

2004- San Jose, $150k income, $600k house

This should be fine with 20% down.

112   lunarpark   2006 Oct 25, 6:43am  

@ Peter P - I forgot to mention, they financed the entire amount.

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