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Bubble Reform


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2005 Aug 9, 5:32pm   12,430 views  157 comments

by HARM   ➕follow (0)   💰tip   ignore  

So far, most of the threads about the Housing Bubble's aftermath have pretty much stuck to one of two themes: (a) How the crash is likely to play out in the financial markets and overall economy, or (b) How to profit from the crash or hedge against the damage it will inflict. We haven't yet really had an in-depth discussion about what (if anything) can be done to prevent future asset/credit bubbles from forming in the future.

Is it even realistic to think that government regulations/incentives (or removal thereof) could prevent future speculative bubbles from forming? If not, are there at least steps that can be taken to reduce their magnitude and frequency (and the severity of resulting crashes)? What are your suggestions (if any) and why do you think they would work?

By now, most of you know that I am of the opinion that the government, by way of the Fed/Treasury, GSEs and poor policy decisions are largely to blame for this mess (negative real interest rates to mitigate Tech Bubble fallout, MBS risk-shifting, lax lending oversight, etc.). Yes, speculator mania/psychology shares much of the blame for perpetuating and growing it beyong all reason, but what got the ball rolling in the first place? Personally, I doubt that increasing government interference in the RE (or any) market will help, any more than dousing a fire with gasoline is likely to extinguish it. I also have strong feelings about supposedly well intentioned laws designed to "help" some needy group by introducing market distortions (rent control, Urban Boundary Limit laws, Prop. 13, etc.), which inevitably seem to produce the exact opposite result of what was originally intended. The Law of Unintended Consequences. Nonetheless, despite my quasi-Libertarian bias, I do feel that intelligently designed (and realistic) public policies and regulations can occasionally do some good, especially when they're all about reducing government interference in free markets.

Here are some of my ideas:
1. Pass a law outlawing greed, ignorance and manic behavior.
(HA --just kidding!)

Federal level:
1. Increase the 1997 Homestead Exemption's minimum residency period from 2 to 5 years for primary residences. This should weed out the speculators without impacting long-term owners too badly. Means-testing it would help as well, but I won't hold my breath for that.
2. Institute a minimum "hold" period for 1031 exchanges on investment properties (3-5 years?). Same reason --encourages buy-and-hold long-term investors over flippers. I'd like to see it abolished entirely, but I'm realistic.
3. Force mortgage lenders (especially sub-prime) to hold a substantial percentage of loans they originate on their books for the life of the loan --say 50%. That should put an end to NAAVLPs. the best part of it is, government doesn't even need to dictate how lenders should tighten lending standards --it will happen automatically!
4. Fully privatize (and de-monopolize) the GSEs (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac & Ginnie Mae). Why should taxpayers have to guarantee default risk for companies that are basically private & for-profit? And why should they enjoy a huge advantage over private banks (by being able to borrow money at the Fed's discount rate)?
5. Force the BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics, a.k.a., "BuLlShit") to start accurately reporting the true rate of inflation in the CPI (put energy, food, healthcare & education costs back in; eliminate statistical gimmickry like "hedonics" & substitution). This should help restore the missing "risk premium" in the bond and mortgage markets, and make recent buyers feel a little less "house rich" at the same time.

State & local level:
1. Shift the Realtor fee structure from sales commission/%-based to a flat service fee. This alone would greatly reduce the incentive to inflate property prices far beyond intrinsic value.
2. Support any efforts to sheild home appraisers from Realtors and unscrupulous lenders (see naifa.com).
3. Eliminate or at least mitigate anti-development NIMBY laws in the community. Anything that reduces housing supply without also reducing housing demand (population) only drives up the cost of housing long-term. So until they close the border (or legalize mass murder), better get used to seeing more urban sprawl. Or, you could advocate building more high-density "smart growth" housing. Unfortunately, these are pretty much our two options until population pressures diminish.
4. Bitch-slap the next dumb-assed motherf***er who says "housing never goes down" or "they're not making any more of it".

Discuss, enjoy...
HARM

#housing

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72   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 11:11am  

Apparently not very well educated cats.

Can't afford to send them to school. :(

They will be illiterate cats. Can't even read Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats.

73   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 11:12am  

Pet teeth cleaning is a budget-buster these days! More expensive than sending the cats to Yale.

They do have health insurance though.

74   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 11:13am  

Keep in mind, that if CPI up and rates up, then exchange rate up, imports cheaper, local manufacturers suffer.

75   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 11:14am  

I think CPI would work fine. I believe (to the contrary of many) CPI is a pretty accurate gauge of general prices.

I tend to agree. Rent does accurately reflect housing cost net of the asset portion.

76   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 11:26am  

“KURT S: AMERICAN ODDITY”

(It’s catchy, dont you think?)

Does he keep a cat in his closet?

77   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 11:28am  

So let me see if I have this straight. Those who don't think there is a bubble believe that wages will increase due to inflation and that the middle class will continue to be able to afford their ridiculously overpriced sh**boxes? Where are the higher wages going to come from? We've discussed how companies are outsourcing at a growing rate to avoid paying existing wages. My husband tells me that a raising inflation environment is bad for business growth so I'm thinking that doesn't translate into more jobs and higher wages. Where are the jobs and wages going to come from? It think we're at a higher risk of seeing companies downsize in the face of rising inflation. That can only mean few availiable jobs at lower wages. Then where is our housing affordability level going to be?

78   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 11:30am  

Wow, lots of typos on that last one. Got ahead of myself I guess....

79   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 11:33am  

Also, there is a good reason why asset prices are not in the domain of CPI. Asset prices are very sensitive to monetary, as opposed ot macro-economical conditions, and therefore are not innate characteristics of the economical development.

I think this is the basis of the bubble.
BUT, what about the people who have bought these assets at high prices.
As a consumer they have locked in high holding (or consumption) costs.
The builders have also generated profits and therefore this should reflect in economic indicators.

80   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 11:35am  

What’s the “fluff” that those people are buying? Are we talking about cars? Ultimately, there’s only so much space in a house which puts a natural limit on the amount of furniture, TVs, etc. that you can have…

I don't know..... people seem to have an amazing ability to accumulate stuff. Clothing and jewelry don't require that much space, and women looooooove that. I bet people are entertaining more, so I'd love to see what liquor and food profits are like nowadays. Just a thought.

81   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 11:35am  

What’s the “fluff” that those people are buying? Are we talking about cars? Ultimately, there’s only so much space in a house which puts a natural limit on the amount of furniture, TVs, etc. that you can have…

See? A cycle! Once you have exhausted the space of your house because of all the stuff/fluff you need a bigger house. Once you get a bigger house, you need more fluff to fill it up. Sigh...

82   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 11:41am  

Crashes in equities are much worse, IMHO.
From what I've read about crashes in the past, equity crashes aren't that bad, where RE crashes are worst.

Reason is that equity crashes tend to hurt the higher income demographic, who can mostly withstand the fallout.

RE crash hurts a broader demographic will alot more people who can't withstand the fallout.

83   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 11:42am  

Let's see:

62" Plasma TV: $10000
Escalade SUV: $60000
Lexus Sedan: $50000
Kitchen Remodel: $30000

150K of "middle class" stuff that can fit nicely into any house with a two car garage.

84   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 11:47am  

He drove an old Cavalier that he had purchased used. Quite a different story than your average Santa Clara County Realtor in his Acura RL or Escalade.

In Silly Valley, I saw a parked brand-new MB S500 with a open house sign stuck in the leather backseat.

85   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 11:50am  

Max, I thought all bubbles represent expectations.

86   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 11:52am  

Farther into history, tulip-mania did not crash Dutch Kindom.

I'm not sure if tulip's ever reach the price of a home though.

87   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 11:54am  

Equities however represent real income-generating economy, and they represent the most important part of a capitalist economy - expectations.
The price of an equity, both up and down, actually don't control the prosperity of the underlying company. (Except for mergers and takeovers of course).

88   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:02pm  

I am talking about earnings. Equities are the “real thing” because they generate earnings and wealth. Their valuations is the market expectation of the earnings.

Assets, IN GENERAL, do not generate earnings.

I understand that. But an asset bubble forms only when there is expectation of price gains irrespective to the associated cashflow. (rent or earnings)

89   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:03pm  

Price of a bulb routinely reached prices of whole estates at the end of the bubble.

I agree... from what I have read.

90   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:08pm  

Max, what do you think of Joseph Stignitz?

91   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 12:10pm  

When my son-in-law asks all that, I just tell him to raise his right hand. Things get quiet fast.

Huh

92   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 12:11pm  

I have often pondered the linkage between equities (companies) and RE.

For somebody to earn an income, a company usually has to be profitable.
The equity would rise. The employee would get part of the profit (wage) and usually put that towards their house. It seems logical to me that equities should out perform the RE market as the primary income producer would be recognised as the bedrock of future RE growth.

I think I read somewhere that generally (In OZ) that shares on average, outperform RE.

Thoughts?

93   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:14pm  

And this is why I believe, asset prices are irrelevant to the real economy.

What about people who have used leverage to buy these assets?

94   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 12:15pm  

And this is why I believe, asset prices are irrelevant to the real economy. Basically, when asset prices inflate the money is created in the financial sector, when asset prices deflate, the money is destroyed in the financial sector

Second law of thermodynamics:-
Money is neither created nor destroyed.

... Once the money has been printed it is out there, only being brought home by the FED's interest rate.

95   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 12:15pm  

I have a couple of friends who are DINK's, but are thinking about the children issue. Fact is, they could afford to have kids quite easily. They earn about $250,000 collectively each year. They bought their house well before the market got moving. So what's the problem. Let's see. Jet ski's, BMW SUV, BMW sedan, Oh wait! They decided to sell the SUV and get a mini cooper. They take probably 4 vacations a year, Europe Hawaii-- like that. Now they could have a kid if the wife keeps working, but the wife doesn't want to work. But the wife also doesn't want to give up the lifestyle, so kids keep getting put on hold. See the vicious cycle? They're still going round and round on the issue and ultimately it's going to come down to kids or stuff.

96   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:21pm  

“Money is neither created nor destroyed.”

How about "money as purchasing power is neither created nor destroyed, ceteris paribus"?

97   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 12:21pm  

“Money is neither created nor destroyed.”
I was only kidding that money can't be created. BTW , they actually print it.

When somebody borrows money to buy a house, the seller gets a fat wad of money. When the asset declines in value, the seller still has the money.

Unfortunately, the leak in the boat here is when people, or companies go broke, the debt is effectlively waived. BUT the original money is still out there though.

98   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:27pm  

Unfortunately, the leak in the boat here is when people, or companies go broke, the debt is effectlively waived.

Does the bad debt get "waived" or does it just cascade through the system, getting absorbed in the process.

99   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:28pm  

Incorrect as well. For example, government deficit spending is a direct enforcement of making certain purchases - for example - infrastructure, labor for building highways, military and high-technology developments. This debt will be monetized at some later point. So, you can actually increase your purchasing power by borrowing, that is - creating new money at THIS point in time.

Ok, you have point. Not going to argue with you. :)

100   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 12:29pm  

Incorrect as well. For example, government deficit spending is a direct enforcement of making certain purchases - for example - infrastructure, labor for building highways, military and high-technology developments. This debt will be monetized at some later point. So, you can actually increase your purchasing power by borrowing, that is - creating new money at THIS point in time.

What if government spends money in a non productive way producing deficits.

101   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 12:32pm  

Does the bad debt get “waived” or does it just cascade through the system, getting absorbed in the process.

Does the FED ever have a bad loan?

Will the FED ( or government) bail out Fannie Mae (hope I spelt it right)?

102   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:40pm  

I was reading in The Economist this week that the average European home costs 10X the average income in Western Europe and England.

This is why I am very careful in NOT using affordability in our bubble arguments. Rental yield is a much better indicator.

In the Bay Area, it is getting very close to 10X. Also, I think homeownership rate is lower in Europe. Please correct me if I am wrong.

103   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:43pm  

By the way, I’m not being sexist - the person staying at home could be the husband instead of the wife.

I agree.

BTW, the effect of losing one income is not that bad. The marginal tax rate will be lower. There will be less need for hired help. More eating-in. Less gasoline consumption. Less car depreciation.

104   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:45pm  

Face Reality, where is your bio? :)

105   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 12:50pm  

Yes, but what happens to the career of the person who stays at home? That can potentially be a huge long-term sacrifice. Also, relying on one bread earner in today’s job market is scary, especially when you have kids.

Not being sexist. If women left the work force, wages might increase as companies compete for the fewer workers.

106   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:50pm  

Yes, but what happens to the career of the person who stays at home? That can potentially be a huge long-term sacrifice. Also, relying on one bread earner in today’s job market is scary, especially when you have kids.

Not necessarily. If one is entrepreneurial enough he/she can always start a home-based business. That is by no means stable income, but there can be an upside.

It is scary, I agree.

107   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 12:51pm  

I do think that whenever there is a chance, one should seek to build a stream of passive income.

108   KurtS   2005 Aug 10, 12:58pm  

“KURT S: AMERICAN ODDITY”

(It’s catchy, dont you think?)

--I suppose it could be worse, such as "KURT S: AMERICAN PSYCHO"

it’s insanity, especially around here (Marin) right? This county used to be a very laid back, decently well to do, unpretentious place.

Yeah--that's what I used to like about California in general! Perhaps a new ethic will return; something needs to give way. And, despite what I save personally, we live modestly (although comfortably). Certainly the environment here lends to a lifestyle that's unrelated to money, and I enjoy that. It doesn't take mad dollars here to enjoy kayaking every day, enjoying the scenery and wildlife. Ok, enough about moi...

You’re basically saying that the middle class should scale down its expectations in terms of housing and other things. It’s hard to see this is a positive development
Well, I think the housing angle is currently overvalued--and will adjust. However, if Americans learned to enjoy life with less, it would do them a lot of good. Obviously something's wrong, given the stats on credit card debt, etc. By contrast, American's should check out how the "middle class" lives in Europe--that would be an eye opener, at least by my experience. But of course, here we're entitled to the "good life"--whatever that means. ;)

109   KurtS   2005 Aug 10, 1:06pm  

In the Bay Area, it is getting very close to 10X. Also, I think homeownership rate is lower in Europe. Please correct me if I am wrong.

Peter P-
All I can provide is scant anecdotal information, but very few friend's families in Switzerland own homes, unless they're farmers or financiers. It's much more common for the middle class to live in apartments. I'm sure P.Tiemann has more info to share.

110   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 1:20pm  

Max, Krugman has been saying for 2+ years precisely what he is saying now, that re is overpriced and that the rate of appreciation is unsustainable. Eventually he’ll be right, yet it has not been a pretty sight to see him ignore his past inaccuracies.

Technically, Krugman has not been inaccurate unless he was specific about the timing.

111   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 2:08pm  

But if the wife stops working, the $250K will be cut in half or so which makes it hard to afford kids (at least in the Bay Area) even if you are frugal and your mortgage is relatively low (say $500K instead of $1M). Also, it’s not easy to resume an interrupted career, so this may be a long-term financial damage. Even if all these aren’t concerns, how secure is the husband’s position?

I should further explain. She currently works at home but has to travel frequently. And even if they go to one income, they would still earn 6 figures and could easily afford to go to one income if they were willing to give up some of their more lavish spending. The thing is, the wife wants to be a stay at home mom AND continue to live the lifestyle she's become accustomed to. So far the lifestyle is winning out.

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