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Should land be free?


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2007 Jan 15, 10:47pm   20,096 views  149 comments

by Different Sean   ➕follow (0)   💰tip   ignore  

Les Miserables

Paying money for land probably stems from feudal arrangements, where land ownership rested in few hands, then ownership was slowly leaked to the masses for a price over many centuries. New World countries appropriated land from the indigenous inhabitants, and then proceeded to parcel it out under much the same arrangements. The centuries-old system of claiming and valuing land title could be called into question.

Henry George, the great American political economist, proposed (more or less) that land should really have no value, but should be taxed according to its use.

If land was free, property bubbles (really land value speculation bubbles) arguably could not occur. Following George, land could be made available for housing, industry, and so on, allocated under planning controls, and taxes levied accordingly. Thus, a house sale price would consist of the labour and materials value of the house, plus some allowance for a land tax. A farm would be taxed on being a farm, a factory a factory, and so on.

Here is a long excerpt from Wikipedia about Henry George:

George lived in California at a time of rapid growth. In particular he had noticed that the construction of railroads in California was pushing up land values and rents as fast or faster than wages were rising.

On a trip to New York City George was struck by the apparent paradox that the poor in that long-established city were much worse off than the poor in less developed California. This paradox supplied the theme and title for his 1879 book Progress and Poverty, which was a huge success, selling over 3 million copies. In it George made the argument that a sizeable portion of the wealth created by social and technological advances in a free market economy is captured by land owners and monopolists via economic rents, and that this concentration of unearned wealth is the root cause of poverty. George considered it a great injustice that private profit was being earned from restricting access to natural resources while productive activity was burdened with heavy taxes, and held that such a system was equivalent to slavery - a concept somewhat similar to wage slavery. The appropriation of oil royalties by magnates of petrol-rich countries may be seen as an equivalent form of rent-seeking activity: since natural resources are given freely by Nature rather than being products of human labor or entrepreneurship, no single individual should be allowed to acquire unearned revenues by monopolizing their commerce. The same holds true about every other mineral and biological raw resource.

Henry George - Wikipedia

I am not suggesting Henry George was always 'right', or that his proposed systems should be adopted wholesale. But should land be free, or valued at a nominally low rate? I suppose I am considering the large planned tracts of suburban residential or commercial land we see daily, not oilfields or goldfields. (Then there is the question of valuing water views...) And I'm more interested in depressing land prices than raising land taxes.

Have at it. There's something here for everyone -- you know who you are. Any mathematical paradoxes put forward will be viewed with the utmost suspicion. Trolls will be tolerated, except when obliterated.

DS

#housing

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50   W.C. Varones   2007 Jan 16, 10:54am  

I come here for bubble news, not communism, man.

51   Peter P   2007 Jan 16, 11:03am  

my boyfriend found the protagonist completely unsympathetic

Well, I find Capt. Malcolm Reynolds not exactly law-abiding.

52   astrid   2007 Jan 16, 11:13am  

"Well, I find Capt. Malcolm Reynolds not exactly law-abiding."

When law rests with bellboys and killer ninja dudes, I feel the writers are telling me to cheer for the non-law-abiding.

53   Brent   2007 Jan 16, 11:15am  

Exactly my point for a P13 thread, keep it from hijacking every other thread. But I can see it touches a nerve with everyone, best not discuss it ever again.

54   Peter P   2007 Jan 16, 11:17am  

When law rests with bellboys and killer ninja dudes, I feel the writers are telling me to cheer for the non-law-abiding.

Well, I did have a few parking tickets...

Anyway, I do love the "Mal" character.

I hate Reality TV!

55   Peter P   2007 Jan 16, 11:20am  

Prop 13 has been discussed to death and disinterred. Yet it is still alive and kicking.

See, it is pointless.

56   Brand165   2007 Jan 16, 11:53am  

Nigel says: On the other hand, during this same real estate run up, we’ve seen the difference between the haves and the have nots increase to an equally unsustainable level.

You'll need to cite a lot of evidence to back up that claim. Have the rich really gotten richer, and the poor gotten poorer, in the last 5-10 years?

Even if that has happened, I would challenge that if it's due to paper gains from the real estate bubble, the wealth isn't realized. Some of it is bound to be given back over time, either to inflation or true declines in market price.

57   Different Sean   2007 Jan 16, 1:20pm  

You’ll need to cite a lot of evidence to back up that claim. Have the rich really gotten richer, and the poor gotten poorer, in the last 5-10 years?

I'm pretty sure they have. Real wages have declined since the 70s on average. I guess George Bush's tax cuts returned more to the upper echelons, executive salaries have skyrocketed, and there are lots of reports of 'hollowing out the middle class diamond'. These, I assume, are substantiated by analysis, you'll have to google for harder evidence. Anyhow, newsfreak said so...

58   Different Sean   2007 Jan 16, 1:24pm  

W.C. Varones Says:
I come here for bubble news, not communism, man.

You can go to the bubble news area, man. Georgism isn't communism particularly. Anyhow, you've got nothing to lose but your chains...

59   FormerAptBroker   2007 Jan 16, 1:42pm  

Someone Said:

> Holy cow! Abolish property rights?

Then Different Sean Says:

> Not quite, not abolishing property rights in terms of
> ownership, use and quiet enjoyment, only in setting a
> price on it.

The right to use is not a lot different than the right to own and the value of a 99 year flat “Lease” for a piece of land is very close to the “Cost” to buy a similar piece of land.

60   FormerAptBroker   2007 Jan 16, 2:22pm  

Brent Says:

> Didn’t know you could inherit a properties tax base,
> that sorta undermines the “kicking old ladies out of
> their home” theory for upholding it.

Prop. 13 get’s even better (for the kids of parent’s who own a lot of Real Estate) and worse (for the taxpayers as a whole).

Kids can take over the tax basis on up to $1mm of real estate when their parents die.

You may be thinking that$1mm is not a big deal but typical $5-10mm mansion in Woodside, Atherton or Ross that was bought in 1970 has a “tax basis” of under $300K today. When you combine the family home with the weekend place in Carmel and the family cabin on the West Shore most kids will still be way under the $1mm “tax basis” cap…

A while back a friend was complaining that it costs him $300 a month to rent a garage on Russian Hill and my Dad mentioned that $300 a month was more than his property taxes.

P.S. In my search for the person that lost the $500K of wine in Atherton I noticed that Chuck Schwab owns a 6,900 sf home on the street where the wine was stolen that he bought in 1976 (a couple years after he started making big money when the discount brokerage thing caught on) for $230K. My guess is that the home would sell for at least $10mm today and I have a feeling that I may have found the guy that lost the wine (since $500K of wine is a lot even in Atherton on a street with $10mm homes)…

61   Peter P   2007 Jan 16, 4:36pm  

Turner and Boswell are free to grab as much of our country as they can. Is that right?

Is it right that most people have to eat cakes when a few can enjoy caviar?

Or is it preferable that cakes are universally unavailable but everyone gets bread?

62   Different Sean   2007 Jan 16, 5:08pm  

GDM Says:
But what about this: Does anyone else have a fundamental problem with the fact that Ted Turner own 1.7 million acres of the United States? Should any one person be able to own that much? Turner and Boswell are free to grab as much of our country as they can. Is that right?

It seems that it is. I often wonder how much wealth of this sort, in a few people's hands, has gone into purchasing swathes of investment properties also as the business cycle turns through the property phase... Is it possible that people have Ted Turner or Bill Gates as their landlord without realising it?

63   Different Sean   2007 Jan 16, 5:13pm  

OT. More good news from the world of offshoring, just breaking:

Blow for Tasmania as boots set off overseas

THE company claims to be "Australian for boot", but its boots are about to be made in Asia.

Blundstone, based near Hobart, is shifting most of its production overseas, at the cost of about 360 jobs - 80 per cent of its workforce.

The company said costs had forced the move. "You've just got a situation where [Australia] can no longer sustain this type of company," said Blundstone's chief executive, Steve Gunn. He ruled out government aid to enable the private company to keep making its boots in Australia and New Zealand, and plans to split production between India and Thailand. The cost of labour there was 5 to 7 per cent of what was paid locally, he said.

Blundstone has been a family-owned company since 1870. It has survived in recent years by trading on its local origins to make competitively priced "grunge" footwear that found favour with film stars and models. Cindy Crawford and Brooke Shields were said to own Blundstones, and the dancing troupe Tap Dogs wore the boots on worldwide tours.

Tens of thousands of construction workers across Australia could take part in a boycott of Blundstone boots following the iconic boot company's decision to shift most of its production to Asia.

The construction arm of the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union is urging its 100,000 members to only buy Australian-made safety boots.

64   Different Sean   2007 Jan 16, 5:24pm  

John Doe Says:
You might find this interesting:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allodial_title

In ancient Israel one could not own land since God owned it all. The tribes were allocated portions of the land which were subdivided and held by clans. One could lease the land out for up to 49 years but in the fiftieth year it had to revert back to the original clan.

This is a good point, and is the sort of more lateral thinking I was hoping to see. You can be sure the Hittites down the road probably didn't have RE/Max offices either, and had a different system of land use again.

Personally I have a problem with taxation of one’s personal residential property. I think it is regressive particularly for those too old to work. I’m very much a believer in personal property rights and the biggest offender in this area is the government.

I'm not proposing a Georgist tax on property for life, for that sort of reason. There are very many possible and imaginable systems which may be 'fairer' while avoiding land speculation (which are not Prop 13). And remember that the New World had no European 'owners' at all for a long while, as per the thread introduction, and in fact it was the early colonial government which made land grants or land sales to settlers. (And that eminent domain can be exercised at any time, and 'freehold title' is more an illusion of ownership.)

65   Randy H   2007 Jan 17, 12:46am  

DS said:
Not quite, not abolishing property rights in terms of
ownership, use and quiet enjoyment, only in setting a
price on it.

FAB Replied:
The right to use is not a lot different than the right to own and the value of a 99 year flat “Lease” for a piece of land is very close to the “Cost” to buy a similar piece of land.

Then DS posited some other points, none of which address this very fundamental question, which FAB pointed out:

What *exactly* is the logical difference between owning your land and merely having the right to "use" your land? If I own land that I am prohibited from using, doesn't that reduce its real value to zero? Conversely, if I have an indefinite lease on land that I am free to use at my discretion, doesn't it acquire the same value as land I might instead own?

66   surfer-x   2007 Jan 17, 12:56am  

Peter P, bread is only available after a 15hr shift at your McJob. If there is no bread the "associate" is shown a picture of cake as an incentive to outsource their job so they can have come rice. Short grained, without flavor.

67   surfer-x   2007 Jan 17, 12:56am  

-come
+some

or maybe not.

68   FormerAptBroker   2007 Jan 17, 1:01am  

Curbed SF reports that a condo in SF Woman’s neighborhood (1740 Franklin Street #3) is on the market for $1,095,000. Curbed says that the “Beautiful building on a too-busy street, overlooks the landmark Victorians and the Christian Science church on the corners of Franklin and California.”

I’m wondering if this condo was actually on the market this summer when it “sold” (per tax records) for $810K, or if it was some kind of family transfer. The previous transfer per the tax records recorded the value at $55K (yes less than a new Buick) in the summer of 2005 (not 1975, but 2005).

P.S. With a condo you don't really own any "land" and often just "own" airspace in your unit (with an oblication to pay HOA fees to maintain the building)...

69   skibum   2007 Jan 17, 1:10am  

Foreclosure rate data for the US for December continue to be much, much higher than last year:

http://money.cnn.com/2007/01/16/real_estate/December_foreclosures_up_from_2005/index.htm?postversion=2007011711

70   astrid   2007 Jan 17, 1:25am  

FYI - someone here has claimed the remainder of my Economist subscription.

71   Peter P   2007 Jan 17, 2:28am  

Does anyone other than the government actually ‘own’ land anyway?

God. This is His green earth anyway.

72   Peter P   2007 Jan 17, 2:33am  

But humans have a 9999 year lease, with mineral, fishing, and hunting rights. ;)

73   StuckInBA   2007 Jan 17, 2:56am  

Skibum :

Thanks for the link. I wanted to check how CA fared on a % basis, and it is 14th in the nation. Kind of expected. Very surprising was Colorado. There 1 in 375 houses is in foreclosure ! That is scary.

Does anyone know what CO is that bad ?

74   Doug H   2007 Jan 17, 3:06am  

Off topic, but I know how much everyone loves food here......

My son is in Beijing, on his way home for a visit, and shared with me the government has begun a restaurant license program geared to insure sanitary conditions and food safety. So.....great news for anyone who's going there in '08.

The truth is they passed an edict that all restaurants will have to obtain a license.....just like they did for parking permits in the city.....which you can buy from any street vendor.

Ymmm....let's do lunch!

Now, with that problem solved, they can focus on toilets, transportation, communication, and pollution.

75   lunarpark   2007 Jan 17, 3:22am  

http://www.dqnews.com/RRBay0107.shtm

DQ numbers are out for the Bay Area.

76   HARM   2007 Jan 17, 3:22am  

What *exactly* is the logical difference between owning your land and merely having the right to “use” your land? If I own land that I am prohibited from using, doesn’t that reduce its real value to zero? Conversely, if I have an indefinite lease on land that I am free to use at my discretion, doesn’t it acquire the same value as land I might instead own?

We explored this concept to some degree last year in The Psychology of “Ownership”

77   lunarpark   2007 Jan 17, 3:28am  

DQ says in January: Indicators of market distress are still in the normal range.

DQ says in December: Indicators of market distress are still at a moderate level.

?

78   HARM   2007 Jan 17, 3:31am  

Oh, and for those of you interested in Prop. 13, here's one that hearkens all the way back to July, 2005 --one of my earliest threads: NIMBY Laws and California Housing Prices.

79   StuckInBA   2007 Jan 17, 3:45am  

lunapark :

DQ also says something very important.
Last month's sales count was the lowest for any December since 1996 when 7,180 homes were sold.

Just on the face of it, this is bad for REIC. I am pretty sure there are more homes in BA now that were in 1996. So it definitely means less % of houses being sold to overall stock of units (not inventory).

Secondly, the price per sqft has remained relatively constant throughout the year. For resale, when median was 705K in last Dec, the rate was 480. Then the median went to 772K in Aug - 10% increase, the rate went up only to 507. Now the median is back to where it was last Dec, the rate is still hovering at 490.

That means, the market has been FLAT for over a year now. They started admitting that only recently. Well, YOY median drops are just around the corner. We will see what DQ says then.

80   HARM   2007 Jan 17, 3:59am  

Robert Coté Says:

January 17th, 2007 at 11:43 am e
With Prop 13 $2600
Without $16,000

Why do you hate me?

*Sigh*.... Robert, Robert, we've been over this so many times. If people in my generation (and future generations) could "lock in" the same 1979 (+2%/yr) tax basis as yours, then no problem.

However, I *do* have a problem with state-sponsored Birth Lotteries that richly subsidize preceding generations at my expense. I *do* have a problem with someone my age being forced to pay ~$16,000/yr in property taxes on an identical make/model house right next door to yours, while you pay $2,600/yr., merely because the Gen-X'er made an unfortunate choice of parents and birth-year.

My general feeling is, if we can't provide the same tax subsidy equally to every generation, we should abolish it --or just abolish property tax altogether.

81   HARM   2007 Jan 17, 4:21am  

RC,

Property tax is essentially an ineffient form of a "use tax", as in use of public services and infrastructure --public schools, roads, bridges, etc. Now whether or not most of the tax money really goes towards those things is very debatable.

However, unless you and your family are really using a *lot* less of those things than I am, I fail to see how your 83.75% tax subsidy at my expense is equitable, "fair", socially optimal, economically efficient, morally unhazardous, or whatever term you would prefer to use.

82   HARM   2007 Jan 17, 4:27am  

Especially taxes that are entered into volluntarially.

Hmm... don't recall anyone in my generation or later being given the opportunity to give an up or down vote on Prop. 13. As more and more young people recognize how it screws us, this may eventually change though.

It would be the most amazing of accidents were taxes ever fair for any one person or asset.

I don't expect life to be fair, but taxes are an entirely artificial human construct. They should be designed to be as equitable ("fair" if you prefer moral terminology) and generation/asset class neutral as possible. Prop. 13 fails this test miserably.

What we have is the best we can expect; rules applied consistently and transparently.

What we have is transparently and consistently applied generational rape. The fact that I can readily identify my attacker (Tax board & Boomer voters) does not ease nor remedy my suffering.

83   HARM   2007 Jan 17, 4:36am  

@pa renter,

Yes, Prop. 13 even harms long-time owners from Boom & Silent Gens that might otherwise choose to move. The "Golden handcuffs" syndrome. It cripples market efficiency and artifically contrains supply. Even a hard-core supply-sider could agree with this reasoning.

84   Peter P   2007 Jan 17, 4:48am  

Prop 13 is bad only because of incentivization issues. I doubt it has made life any more unfair.

A smart government will let the market resolve fairness issues by itself.

What is fairness anyway?

85   astrid   2007 Jan 17, 5:03am  

Oh HARM,

I think we have a better chance just moving out of California. We're never going to change Prop 13 or any other part of California's ridiculous proposition/license to misgovern system.

Doug H,

As someone from south of the Yangtze River, I'm compelled to say, who cares? Beijing food is expensive and not all that great tasting. Peking duck is overpriced and not particularly tasty.

86   Peter P   2007 Jan 17, 5:12am  

Beijing food is expensive and not all that great tasting. Peking duck is overpriced and not particularly tasty.

I have had better peking duck in Hong Kong and Canada than in Beijing.

I am not hopeful that they can bring their toilets to international standard by 2008.

87   Randy H   2007 Jan 17, 5:34am  

RC:

I'm quite familiar with ROI, ROE, even ROIC, not to mention the time value of money, and all its variants.

Nonetheless, your arguments vis-a-vis Prop13 are self-serving and question your credibility in what is otherwise well informed debate.

Property Taxes are *not* an example of discretionary, avoidable taxation. I suspect you already know that, and are just trying to create a non-analogous substitute to further your position. The logical extension of your line of reasoning is that eventually there will be exactly 1 person paying all property taxes and n-1 people renting from that 1 person.

And what about how Prop 13 introduces frictions that work to retard your own theory of exburbinization? Seems to me you should be all in favor of gentrification sans government intervention.

88   DinOR   2007 Jan 17, 5:52am  

offo,

Surfer X reminds us that another odd aspect is that many long time owners have refinanced several times during their occupancy at the same residence. Well, when we "refinance" we have an appraisal done and in essence are in fact "re-purchasing" our home. Hmm? Take out equity based on the increased value yet retain your previous value for tax purposes? So you CAN have your cake and eat it too!

Any time I've confronted people about this I get the "Why do you hate America look" like I'm there to confiscate their guns.

89   StuckInBA   2007 Jan 17, 6:10am  

offo / DinOR,

The fact that refinancing and inheritance have no/minimal effect on property tax is the most obvious flaw in Prop 13. I guess one can argue for Prop 13 based on purchase price, but this "I will have my cake and eat it too" is beyond unfair. This is a BIG flaw.

On the related note, if you take a cash out refinancing and put the money in tax-free Govt bonds, IRS does not like it. You cannot have it both ways. Either take a deduction on the mortgage interest OR pay taxes on the interest you earn from the cash out. Not both.

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