patrick.net

anon Says:

> there are websites with pricing from 2000-2007 for 307
> apartment complexes in SF - mostly the larger corporate
> type. almost every apartment shows a huge drop from
> 2000 to 2003 but going back up for 2005 and dropping
> for 2006 or 2007.

Keep in mind that most of the rents reported on most web sites are the “asking rents” and are often much different from the “actual rents”. As a real estate lender I get to see audited financial statements for all kinds of real estate and on average the “actual” rent per unit for apartment properties is about 25% lower than the “asking” rents. For hotel properties the “asking” rent (AKA the “rack rate”) is on average double the “actual” rent (AKA the Revenue Per Available Room or “RevPar”).

In San Francisco (and other cities with rent control) there is a crazy disconnect between “asking” and “actual” rents. In San Francisco there is a lot of pressure to push the “initial rent” as high as possible since rent control limits any increases down the road. A unit that rents for $3,000 a month with the first two months free has an “actual rent” for the first year of $2,500 a month. Parkmerced is in hot water for their most recent game to skirt rent control:
http://xpress.sfsu.edu/archives/news/007115.html
With all that said, I would still be interested in the link to the URL with the SF rent history.

P.S. How about picking a new name (say “anon renter”) so we can tell the difference between you and the other that post as “anon”…

Wood River,

Thank you. What I find interesting is the 900% increase in people who can not have security clearance because they are so indebted the government fears someone can buy them off into doing something (espionage? turning their back at a security gate?). That and the dramatic increase in the payday lenders. The Mustangs, cell phones and spendthrift wives would go a long way in explaining that, but why is that type of problem so much more prevalent now? And I don't think it's just the military, not when I see my husband's support staff secretaries carrying Hermes bags that they bought with their credit card. Something has changed where now everyone feels entitled to luxury goods. It seems to be at all age groups and income levels.

Athena,

Very sad story, but in the Press Democrat write up it appears that many young men rushed and tried to help, and were able to get one child out of the car and resue crews got another woman out.
http://www1.pressdemocrat.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070120/NEWS/701200305/1033/NEWS01

People drive like absolute idiots on 101. I have actually called CHP on a few very dangerous drivers. It's almost always young men driving like they are in a video game or an oblivious young woman on a cell phone.

SFWoman says: Something has changed where now everyone feels entitled to luxury goods. It seems to be at all age groups and income levels.

Television. Shows like MTV that are awash in bling. I believe that advertising has improved massively over the years, allowing companies to better sway the public into buying unnecessary products. But most importantly, credit cards have become very accessible, partly because people are horrible at math and finance.

It all has a very "end of the Roman empire" feel to it. Our culture has more money than it knows what to do with, is obsessed with beauty and luxury, and has lost sight of the original core values that got us here in the first place. But Republics tend to go that way over a long period of time--give the people anything they want, and eventually they will start wanting stupid things.

HARM

I agree that supply & demand ultimately govern markets, but there are a couple important catches in real life:

* Supply and demand like nearly everyone had in college or high school is for theoretical, perfect markets. Real estate and rental markets are very far from perfect markets. Landlords benefit from "economic rent" which is the region of the graph between where price should be and where it is because the supplier has market power over the buyer.

* Supply and demand really describe the constraints, not the prevailing price. So you can say "rent cannot go higher than X", but you can't say "rent should be X".

* Rental markets suffer information asymmetry. I contend that internet cragislists don't help this, net outcomes. Because, for all the added information a renter gains from the internet, so does a landlord gain in potential selection bias. Witness FAB's comments about "skip lists" and "black lists". The same communication that works for buyers works for sellers, who are a smaller more economically rational group.

* Rental markets suffer from non-substitutability. It is very difficult to quantify in dollars rental alternatives. Not just "intangibles", but very tangible things like location, traffic patterns, landlord quality are all factors making the rental market not a simple supply & demand curve.

* Finally, housing as a general need is a special class; that's why rental stock and housing stock are special asset classes. The reason being that, in our market system, these are not discretionary options but mandatory requirements. Such asset classes can only be measured by ASKing price and SETTLEMENT price. Remember, settlement prices are historical information, not current information. BID prices are never directly observable. Therefore you can *never* have an efficient market of these assets.

My impression of Central Coast rents is that they fit Robert Cote's idea of chaotic. On the one hand, many of the local craigslist ads sound very supplicating (like those described early in this thread by Muggy), and I see ads (espeically for homes in North and South county) that clearly have been placed by FBs trying to ask a lot to cover the mortgage. On the other hand, we recently have had some very significant raises come into effect (or soon-to-come-into-effect) at the state hospital and the local prison. As these are two of the big employers in this small, rural county, this should have an inflationary effect, and support higher rents. Meanwhile, the anticipated CalPoly Mustange Village will remove a lot of college students from the renting population (at least in the short term, until enrollments increase), decreasing demand. So there are a lot of conflicting forces coming into play right now, all in a place where seller's are being forced to lower prices to make a sale. Chaos indeed. We have a lease through mid-summer, so we'll see what happens then.

I can definitely see rents in some isolated pockets of wealth/good schools going up. A good proportion of (relatively) rich people got that way by behaving like economically rational creatures - $5,000/month rent still beats $10,000/month PITI + almost inevitably catching the falling knife. They can also afford to pay much more in rent than the current market. The synergy of deep pockets and rational minds make these areas quite different from the rest of the market (at least for a while).

However, I do think these isolated pockets will be outlier. I don't think rents overall will be going anywhere fast.

Hiding in the Bronx,

Rents can, and often have in the past, gone up during periods of economic contraction and even falling real wages. This is a stagflationary effect.

Rents can be pushed up by many things other than demand. Demand is not discretionary as many keep saying. Demand for rentals is in reality very non-elastic over short-term time periods. Over years, demand can shrink as people leave an area. But over months demand doesn't change much at all.

Rents are affected heavily by cost inflation factors. Those are pushed through to renters over time, as contracts reset, forcing renters to experience a decrease in standard of living if their real wages have not kept pace.

Not only can this happen, but it has been the rule not the exception for all but 4-5 of the past 25 some odd years. True, rent can never exceed 100% of total real wages. But I believe that's a far way off. There's still lots of standard of living that can be pilfered from American families yet to go.

I think HOAs are a good deal for homeowners in non-luxury SFH and townhouses, especially if the development was built out before 2001. They prevent your neighbor from running truck farms in their front yard and make sure everybody gets trash pickup.

Condo HOA/boards and "luxury" properties are another story. And condotels!@#$$@#!?@????

Randy,

I just don't see where the money for higher rents would come from, especially when I see new inventory coming on the market (people renting out a part of or all of their underwater houses to make end meet). I see a lot of retrenchment in the years ahead to make up for the crazy credit bubble of 2000-2006, that'll hit everything including people's ability to pay for rent.

Randy,

I think you're underestimating the role of downward substitution. The person with a big rent hit could move to a smaller place, seek a roommate, move further out, rent a room or move back with parents.

If anything, most Americans are overhoused. If rent goes up, downgrading housing will be less painful (and more efficient - since that is often accompanied by lower utility costs) than giving up other things.

San Francisco,

Thanks for the article. I read a lot of comments by people like her in 2005 and 2006 ("I live in great rent controlled apartment...but I want to own...") in the Washington Post. At the time, I was torn between feeling sorry for their eventual predicament and worrying about people in responsible positions with so little math literacy/economic sense.

I still feel that way, but now it's served up with a big pinch of schadenfreude.

Hiding,

"a nice pre-war rent stabilized one-bedroom near metro-north. (Yah, the oversupply is that bad, rent stabilized apartments are sitting on the market"

Really? NYTimes Real Estate gave me an impression that New York's rental market is crazy tight right now.

San Francisco Posted:

The SF Chronicle Carol Lloyd Surreal Estate column that started with:

> Affordable housing provided one woman an
> opportunity, but she was unprepared for the reality

Let’s review how “lucky” Barbara Hernandez was to get a BMR unit in SF.

She was renting a 1,100-square-foot flat in the Mission District under rent control for $800 per month (with the rent going up about $5-10 a year under rent control). It said that she was renting out the second room in the apartment after her son moved out and if you figure that the average rent in the Mission is about $600 her total cost to live in SF was about $250 (rent + ½ of phone, gas, elect. & cable).

But (as the article said) “she had always harbored a dream of someday owning her own place.”…

Now she “owns” a 450-square-foot studio (AKA Large Closet with a kitchen and bath) and owes the bank $209,700 with an $800 per month payment so the loan is defiantly IO and probably Neg Am (a 30 year fully am loan at 6% would have a payment of $1,257 per month). Add on the $355 per month current HOA dues and she is paying $1,155 per month.

Next year she will have to pay the new HOA dues of $630 per month + a $4,000 assessment + $2,700 in late fees if she catches up by the end of 2,007 (and makes a deal to avoid any more late fees) she will be paying over $2,000 a month (when you include phone, gas, elect. & cable) or about 8 times more than she was paying for a much bigger place.

Odds are the banks are not going to be real excited about Neg. Am IO loans when she is looking for a new loan when her current

The NYT times quite often doesn’t really reflect what’s actually going on in the city. It probably is tight if you are looking for an apartment overlooking central park or in a trendy area of the village.

I've been thinking about moving back to NY metro. However, I've never actually lived there on my own, having grown up in Long Island.

A few friends of mine have moved there and they report crazy rents - even in Flushing and LIC.

What the heck? When I was a kid, the only people in LIC after dark were hookers!

Even Park Slope (where a few of my other friends live) is pretty expensive.

What's reasonable there?

Actually, Hiding in the Bronx - could you email me? My email address is burbed @ burbed.com

Keep in mind that the average reader of Patrick.net is *not* the average renter. I strongly suspect we are a subgroup that is far more willing to substitute or restructure, given economic changes. We are here talking about economic things, after all.

But, by and large the renter population is very inelastic. I would welcome any research evidence to the contrary (discounting college-towns, which are more elastic).

Things are not binary. It's not like Joe Renter is sitting there saying, "damn, I can't afford this rent increase because I have $0 discretionary available to allocate." For psychological/mental-accounting reasons Joe Renter says "I have my job, just got a raise (without realizing it is smaller than inflation), and I can't find anything similar nearby, so I guess I'll just shop at Walmart a little more often. Anyways, moving is an expensive pain in the ass".

The moral is, it is *not* an efficient market. People are not rational economic autonotoms. Oh, and the data over the past three decades also supports an ever-increasing portion of real income allocated towards housing, for both renters and home owners alike.

Randy H Says:

> Rents in S Marin for SFH’s have increased substantially
> in the past 2 years. And, there’s definitely more supply.
> In 2005 you could fit all the 4BR SFH’s for rent south of
> Sir Francis Drake on one Craigslist screen without scrolling.
> Now there are dozens.
I appreciate all the analysis that Randy does but it is important to remember that the SFH rental market is not an “efficient market”. Most SFH rentals are owned by Mom & Pop landlords (or brothers and sisters who took over the management of the homes after “Mom & Pop” got too old to do it themselves or died). When I was a kid the typical “market research” of most landlords before running an ad was to look in the IJ and see what other 3x2s were renting for in Gerstle Park (or Examiner to see what 3x2s around Lake Street or the Times to see what 3x2s between El Camino and the railroad tracks were going for). Today Craig’s List has replaced the papers but the 2 minutes of “market research” to scan the competing ads is about the same.

I’m betting that if I ran half a dozen fake SFH ads on Craig’s List at $500 above the other ads in a specific area other asking prices would rise. For anyone looking to rent a SFH remember that the “monthly rent” is just part of the decision for a typical group of kids or a Mom & Pop renting a place. People that have other jobs and only have a rental home or two hate it when a tenant moves out and more often than not will have the place empty and lose 2-3 full months rent.

I’m not telling anyone to lie, but if you can convince a typical SFH landlord that you are going to stay for a long time and not be a pain in the ass you can usually get a great deal on the rent. I still keep in touch with the guy that owned my first rental home and listed him as a reference (without putting the dates I rented from him) when I applied to rent my current place (after selling my home on the Peninsula). My current landlord was impressed that a retired University Professor remembered a tenant from over 25 years ago and was really impressed that I fixed everything that broke, offered to fill out a deposit slip and put the rent directly in to his bank on the first of every month and helped the guy get paying tenants in to take my place the day after I moved out.

FAB,

Do you think it would work in the opposite direction, if everybody here put a couple of ersatz CL listings at $500 less on the rental board? It might be an interesting experiment.

wb SQT!

Hiding in the Bronx Says:
To be honest, I think all this talk about skyrocketing rents is just people who’ve screwed their own lives up with foolish borrowing and spending habits wishing ill on the rest of us.

Agreed. The SMH article imples the same, altho from the other side, coming from the equivalent of the NAR.

If rents go up appreciably, it will feed into the inflationary spiral, as wages are pegged (at least here) to annual CPI, which includes rent in the 'basket of goods'. Notably it doesn't include mortgages. Unless they decide to take rents out as well to 'relieve pressure' on the CPI, which would be a particularly base move. You're then looking at stagflation, lack of international competitiveness, devaluation of the currency, etc.

It's hilarious to watch the politicians who crowed over 'healthy' GDP figures (half comprised of housing bubble loans) 3 years ago now looking at 4% and 5% inflation (and more?) and wondering what happened.

Thanks for the info, Wood River. A lot of service men here like to buy V8 supercars and drink away the pay or keep the trophy girlfriend happy or whatever, and wonder what hit them when they 'retire' from the forces and have to get a real job in the real world at lower pay and no generous food and accommodation subsidy, etc. The smart ones squirrel away their money, and some [gasp!] even buy investment properties...

Barbara Hernandez would be well advised to cut her losses and get another rent-controlled apartment...

My current landlord was impressed that a retired University Professor remembered a tenant from over 25 years ago and was really impressed that I fixed everything that broke, offered to fill out a deposit slip and put the rent directly in to his bank on the first of every month and helped the guy get paying tenants in to take my place the day after I moved out.

I agree with everything FAB said in the above response. I am *only* talking about South Marin, which has a unique problem of having very few non-mom&pop rentals outside of a tiny part of Mill Valley and Marin City. So this is a very skewed, and extremely inefficient market. (Not to mention one which pisses me off).

Echoing FAB's experience, after selling our Peninsula home to rent in 2005 we faced the same issue of a reference. We used our 2nd landlords from Chicago -- Bob and Jude -- from whom we rented a beautiful duplex near the El on West Fletcher for some years. Our current landlord was also impressed that landlords from 15 years ago remembered us and were willing to write a personal reference, which included how we fixed stuff on our own and helped to diagnose problems and arrange maintenance contractors for them. (And interestingly, when I contacted them in 2005 for the reference Jude offered to sell us their home in Deerfield and owner finance it for us ... lol).

Hiding,

Wow! I don't trust NYT's lifestyle section (or anything else, for that matter, except A.O. Scott's film reviews, which is my kind of subjectivity, haha) as an objective source, though I'm surprised their reporting stray so far from the real situation in their own city.

eburbed,

As I understand it, Park Slope is now very fashionable and nearly as expensive as prime Manhattan areas.

Randy,

Thanks for pointing out the fallacies of my argument. Rationality is probably too much to expect for 90% of all homo sapiens.

(Ditto college Econ 101 that I'm constantly railing on. I was talking to my boyfriend just now and he said his rather demanding alma mater did not require an intro econ class to graduate. I'm very surprised that he never took a formal economics class.)

DS,

Good point, though I fear that any new rent control apartment will be reset at much higher prices. Ms. Hernandez is truly stuck between a rock and a hard place.

That's one thing that people who give up rent control apartments for "ownership" fail to fully consider. Their rent control status is actually worth a substantial amount of money and bet their jump to "ownership" made their former landlord very very happy.

Randy,

However, I think for a large portion of the population, retrenching into smaller digs may become a necessity, especially if easy credit dries up. Big credit card debt and/or worsening employment market may soon make Wal-Mart visits a luxury.

Although housing has been consuming a larger and larger portion of the income, how much of that growth happened after 2000? And how much of it was due to 1) women entering the work place to bring in extra income 2) many years of fairly flat commodities prices 3) cheap goods from China 4) cheap goods due to technology advancements and 5) baby boomers' peak housing years.

A different set of trends in the future may force housing costs as a portion of income...I can see a couple possibilities - increases in medical costs, weakening dollar, slowing technology advances, weakening house demands, psychological shift away from "ownership", reform of the schizophrenic mortgage deduction taxing scheme, etc...

astrid,

If you haven't totally pitched The Economist yet, this week has a good analysis of many of those issues (although not specifically related to housing). It's some pretty complex stuff, and I find a lot of it hard accept without self-contradictions.

If I had to pick when the game really changed, I'd say the early 90s -- starting with that (our last real) recession. That was when the American white-collar middle class was introduced to globalization and its effects of downsizing, "rightsizing", outsourcing and "restructuring". That's also when housing costs really started eating up household income rapidly. Women entering the workforce predates that by a couple decades, and China wasn't the force it is today then either. It may 'simply' be an effect of globalization.

Randy,

Thanks for the tip, I've forwarded my Economist subscription to someone here but I still have web access. I think this is the article you're talking about http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8554819 and it's freely available to non-subscribers.

"If I had to pick when the game really changed, I’d say the early 90s — starting with that (our last real) recession. That was when the American white-collar middle class was introduced to globalization and its effects of downsizing, “rightsizing”, outsourcing and “restructuring”. That’s also when housing costs really started eating up household income rapidly. Women entering the workforce predates that by a couple decades, and China wasn’t the force it is today then either. It may ’simply’ be an effect of globalization."

I agree with the globalization side of the analysis. The 1990s were a heady time for lots of people and the tech money sloshing around hid a lot of the costs of globalization. They weren't recognized until around the time of my college graduation.

I'm not sure about that timeline for housing though. My geography is a bit biased but I recall that SoCal and DC (I'm most familiar with these areas) prices stagnated or declined through most of the 1990s. I thought the price jumps happened during the mid 1970s, late 1980s and 2000s. I think what we saw since the late 1990s was a series of speculative bubbles best explained by Mike Dash's Tulipmania.

Overall, I'm not convinced that the housing market fundamentally changed to eat up a bigger part of income - that could be the case, making precise predictions human psychology and illiquid markets w/high level of gov't manipulation is always easier after the fact - psychohistorical certainty notwithstanding. But I don't think there's any kind of certainty. The proportion of housing cost might go higher in the short run, but in the long run, any society that puts most of its resources into real estate is will suffer underinvestment to more dynamic areas of its economy.

People might be short term irrational, but survival of the fittest suggest a rational long term outcome (or we just get blown up by our runaway tail)...

BTW, how are you all dealing with the crazy weather this winter? It sounds like Navel oranges and avocados will be quite expensive for the next few years.

Bap33,

When the place is a good location, clean place, and a fair price, the rental is never empty.

Never say 'never'. I suspect you have not been a landlord in an area with a rapidly declining number of tenants (which is not necessarily the same thing as a declining population).

any new rent control apartment will be reset at much higher prices. Ms. Hernandez is truly stuck between a rock and a hard place.

That’s one thing that people who give up rent control apartments for “ownership” fail to fully consider. Their rent control status is actually worth a substantial amount of money and bet their jump to “ownership” made their former landlord very very happy.

hmm, could be screwed. unlike UK and US, there is very little rent control in place in Oz, so I only have a sketchy idea of the 'rent control for life' scenarios, obligations of landlords, etc. The only safety net here is complete indigence and placement in public housing, unfortunately. Affordable housing planning controls are very recent, and as low as 3% of new development... The historical system guaranteed public housing 'for life', though, regardless of future income -- this of necessity is being revised. I just heard of a 'public housing 'apartment where the tenants put in floating timber flooring at their own expense and drive a new BMW and Mercedes in alternation.

I assume 1) most posters here earn too much to qualify for rent controlled apartments and/or 2) they're very hard to come by or are inappropriate for families, etc...

HARM :

You may want to save this picture for some future thread.

http://tinyurl.com/2nznkq

While on the subject of public housing, can someone give me a quick definition of "Section 8".

From the comments I have read here and (more often) at Ben's, I assume it's some sort of subsidy scheme, but as I'm not in the US I don't know the details.

Most of the posts I've read vigorously denigrate Section 8 renters, and by extension Section 8 in general, but I find myself wondering whether it's a good idea with bad unintended consequences (a-la Margaret Thatcher's 'right to buy' in the UK), or simply a bad idea.

While on the subject of public housing, can someone give me a quick definition of “Section 8″. I assume it’s some sort of subsidy scheme.

I believe it's some sort of subsidy scheme. :)

I think they peg the tenant's contribution to something like 30% of tenant's income, and the govt pays the rest to fair market rate. Some affordable housing projects in Oz peg rents similarly, but with no subsidy to private landlords - they are owned by a co-op or community organisation.

Speaking of downturns in markets, renting and owning, the property market became interesting in Canberra when JH sacked 10,000 public servants over the course of 1-2 years, many in Canberra. I believe a fair amount of money was lost as a lot of people had to relocate to capital cities to find work. Prices seem to have built back up to where they were though, as the APS started re-hiring over time...

What I love about the real estate crash......that the same parasites (realtors) who helped fan the flames of speculation will be just as motivated to get sellers to lower prices. After all, they have to have transactions to make a living.

What I love about the real estate crash......that the same parasites (realtors) who helped fan the flames of speculation will be just as motivated to get sellers to lower prices. After all, they have to have transactions to make a living.

ajh,

Section 8 is a federal housing program that gives vouchers to people making less than a certain amount of money. This effectively guarantees a baseline in certain slummy neighborhoods and incentives some people to work less for fear of losing their Section 8 vouchers.

This is off-topic, but I recall someone (Astrid?) discussing zoning restrictions a while back, and the peverse effects thereof. Apparently this trend is reversing somewhat. Perhaps there is hope for this in the Bay Area as well?

http://www.boston.com/realestate/news/articles/2007/01/21/upstairs_downtown/

---------------

Upstairs, downtown
Apartments, condos are once again appearing above main street stores

By Ron DePasquale, Globe Correspondent | January 21, 2007

It's the classic New England main street look: small businesses, retail shops at street level, with apartments above. And in many places in the region, it's illegal.

But "top of shop" housing, as it is sometimes called, is going legit. Several communities in Massachusetts have loosened zoning rules to allow more housing in their downtowns...

astrid Says:

> Section 8 is a federal housing program that gives
> vouchers to people making less than a certain amount
> of money. This effectively guarantees a baseline in
> certain slummy neighborhoods and incentives some
> people to work less for fear of losing their Section
> 8 vouchers.

The Section 8 program is run by the US department of Housing and Urban Development AKA “HUD” and the day to day operations are handled by local county housing authorities. Of the small amount of government money left every month (after paying the friends and relatives of politicians salaries to do almost nothing and paying the contractor friends, relatives and campaign donors of local politicians huge amounts of money to maintain the housing projects that the tenants tear apart every month) the housing authorities fund the Section 8 program.

There are two types of Section 8 payments (they call it a “certificate program” and “voucher program”) one limits the rent of the place you can live to your total monthly income and makes you pay 1/3 of your income to rent (the housing authority mails a check for 2/3 of the rent directly to the owner). The other program gives a flat subsidy and lets you live anywhere and pay any rent.

The primary job of the friends, lazy cousins, ex-girlfriends and current girlfriends of politicians is to get as many Section 8 vouchers as they can to people who helped them get elected or will help them get re-elected. In San Francisco about half the people getting Section 8 have some connection to a “Community Leader” (e.g. Black Community Leader, Chinese Community Leader, etc.).

To add a little clarification Section 8 vouchers only go away if the tenant gets a better job and “REPORTS” the income (when was the last time someone sent a 1099 for payment maid to a cleaning lady?). I have a current Section 8 tenant who runs a small business on the side and I know DS will be absolute “shocked” to her this, but Section 8 tenants have been making money on the side for years and in college (when I managed a lot of them) almost every one made more than they were allowed to make (often more than the other tenants in the buildings paying full rent).

astrid Says:

> Overall, I’m not convinced that the housing
> market fundamentally changed to eat up a
> bigger part of income…

The market has changed to eat up a bigger part of income that is why we have a bubble.

Most of the run up in Bay Area housing prices over the past 30 years was due to first woman getting part time jobs, then full time jobs and now high paying full time jobs (there is a big difference in home prices in areas where most women didn’t go to college and areas where most women went to grad school).

Most people buying today are smart people that make a lot of money and almost all of them plan on big appreciation in the next few years. This big appreciation can not happen since in nicer parts of the Bay Area the average home is sold to a husband and wife who’s individual salary puts them in the top 1% (and have a combined “household income” the puts them in the top .001%).

Back from 1996 to 2005 when houses went up $100K to $1mm a year it made a lot of sense (to the large majority of people that thought that this hyper appreciation would continue since according to their REALTOR they are not making any more land) to eat up a bigger part of your income since real estate always goes up (again according to the REALTOR)…