France's heavy fortifications along its border with Germany built after World War I. The Maginot Line was thought to be impenetrable to German attack, and it took up most of France's defensive resources to build. When World War II broke out, however, Germany simply attacked France through France's less fortified border with Belgium, circumventing the Maginot Line altogether. It has been a cautionary tale ever since.
http://theweek.com/article/index/249241/how-to-avoid-an-economic-bubble#
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