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Bubble Reform


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2005 Aug 9, 5:32pm   12,396 views  157 comments

by HARM   ➕follow (0)   💰tip   ignore  

So far, most of the threads about the Housing Bubble's aftermath have pretty much stuck to one of two themes: (a) How the crash is likely to play out in the financial markets and overall economy, or (b) How to profit from the crash or hedge against the damage it will inflict. We haven't yet really had an in-depth discussion about what (if anything) can be done to prevent future asset/credit bubbles from forming in the future.

Is it even realistic to think that government regulations/incentives (or removal thereof) could prevent future speculative bubbles from forming? If not, are there at least steps that can be taken to reduce their magnitude and frequency (and the severity of resulting crashes)? What are your suggestions (if any) and why do you think they would work?

By now, most of you know that I am of the opinion that the government, by way of the Fed/Treasury, GSEs and poor policy decisions are largely to blame for this mess (negative real interest rates to mitigate Tech Bubble fallout, MBS risk-shifting, lax lending oversight, etc.). Yes, speculator mania/psychology shares much of the blame for perpetuating and growing it beyong all reason, but what got the ball rolling in the first place? Personally, I doubt that increasing government interference in the RE (or any) market will help, any more than dousing a fire with gasoline is likely to extinguish it. I also have strong feelings about supposedly well intentioned laws designed to "help" some needy group by introducing market distortions (rent control, Urban Boundary Limit laws, Prop. 13, etc.), which inevitably seem to produce the exact opposite result of what was originally intended. The Law of Unintended Consequences. Nonetheless, despite my quasi-Libertarian bias, I do feel that intelligently designed (and realistic) public policies and regulations can occasionally do some good, especially when they're all about reducing government interference in free markets.

Here are some of my ideas:
1. Pass a law outlawing greed, ignorance and manic behavior.
(HA --just kidding!)

Federal level:
1. Increase the 1997 Homestead Exemption's minimum residency period from 2 to 5 years for primary residences. This should weed out the speculators without impacting long-term owners too badly. Means-testing it would help as well, but I won't hold my breath for that.
2. Institute a minimum "hold" period for 1031 exchanges on investment properties (3-5 years?). Same reason --encourages buy-and-hold long-term investors over flippers. I'd like to see it abolished entirely, but I'm realistic.
3. Force mortgage lenders (especially sub-prime) to hold a substantial percentage of loans they originate on their books for the life of the loan --say 50%. That should put an end to NAAVLPs. the best part of it is, government doesn't even need to dictate how lenders should tighten lending standards --it will happen automatically!
4. Fully privatize (and de-monopolize) the GSEs (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac & Ginnie Mae). Why should taxpayers have to guarantee default risk for companies that are basically private & for-profit? And why should they enjoy a huge advantage over private banks (by being able to borrow money at the Fed's discount rate)?
5. Force the BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics, a.k.a., "BuLlShit") to start accurately reporting the true rate of inflation in the CPI (put energy, food, healthcare & education costs back in; eliminate statistical gimmickry like "hedonics" & substitution). This should help restore the missing "risk premium" in the bond and mortgage markets, and make recent buyers feel a little less "house rich" at the same time.

State & local level:
1. Shift the Realtor fee structure from sales commission/%-based to a flat service fee. This alone would greatly reduce the incentive to inflate property prices far beyond intrinsic value.
2. Support any efforts to sheild home appraisers from Realtors and unscrupulous lenders (see naifa.com).
3. Eliminate or at least mitigate anti-development NIMBY laws in the community. Anything that reduces housing supply without also reducing housing demand (population) only drives up the cost of housing long-term. So until they close the border (or legalize mass murder), better get used to seeing more urban sprawl. Or, you could advocate building more high-density "smart growth" housing. Unfortunately, these are pretty much our two options until population pressures diminish.
4. Bitch-slap the next dumb-assed motherf***er who says "housing never goes down" or "they're not making any more of it".

Discuss, enjoy...
HARM

#housing

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108   KurtS   2005 Aug 10, 12:58pm  

“KURT S: AMERICAN ODDITY”

(It’s catchy, dont you think?)

--I suppose it could be worse, such as "KURT S: AMERICAN PSYCHO"

it’s insanity, especially around here (Marin) right? This county used to be a very laid back, decently well to do, unpretentious place.

Yeah--that's what I used to like about California in general! Perhaps a new ethic will return; something needs to give way. And, despite what I save personally, we live modestly (although comfortably). Certainly the environment here lends to a lifestyle that's unrelated to money, and I enjoy that. It doesn't take mad dollars here to enjoy kayaking every day, enjoying the scenery and wildlife. Ok, enough about moi...

You’re basically saying that the middle class should scale down its expectations in terms of housing and other things. It’s hard to see this is a positive development
Well, I think the housing angle is currently overvalued--and will adjust. However, if Americans learned to enjoy life with less, it would do them a lot of good. Obviously something's wrong, given the stats on credit card debt, etc. By contrast, American's should check out how the "middle class" lives in Europe--that would be an eye opener, at least by my experience. But of course, here we're entitled to the "good life"--whatever that means. ;)

109   KurtS   2005 Aug 10, 1:06pm  

In the Bay Area, it is getting very close to 10X. Also, I think homeownership rate is lower in Europe. Please correct me if I am wrong.

Peter P-
All I can provide is scant anecdotal information, but very few friend's families in Switzerland own homes, unless they're farmers or financiers. It's much more common for the middle class to live in apartments. I'm sure P.Tiemann has more info to share.

110   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 1:20pm  

Max, Krugman has been saying for 2+ years precisely what he is saying now, that re is overpriced and that the rate of appreciation is unsustainable. Eventually he’ll be right, yet it has not been a pretty sight to see him ignore his past inaccuracies.

Technically, Krugman has not been inaccurate unless he was specific about the timing.

111   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 2:08pm  

But if the wife stops working, the $250K will be cut in half or so which makes it hard to afford kids (at least in the Bay Area) even if you are frugal and your mortgage is relatively low (say $500K instead of $1M). Also, it’s not easy to resume an interrupted career, so this may be a long-term financial damage. Even if all these aren’t concerns, how secure is the husband’s position?

I should further explain. She currently works at home but has to travel frequently. And even if they go to one income, they would still earn 6 figures and could easily afford to go to one income if they were willing to give up some of their more lavish spending. The thing is, the wife wants to be a stay at home mom AND continue to live the lifestyle she's become accustomed to. So far the lifestyle is winning out.

112   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 2:23pm  

On a recent visit I asked her ‘why do you prefer to pay 600 in rent over 500 in a mortgage?’. She is looking at purchasing now.

So why would an investor want to buy in Bay Area, when there are better oppurtunities to be found?

113   Jimbo   2005 Aug 10, 2:33pm  

How does one go about financing something like that, if you are an American investor? Do you have to pay all cash?

This might be a good investment, if you can get your sister to do the property management for you. It might be okay even if you cannot.

It is pretty funny: I was spurred by your post to start researching property in Europe. The Craigslist postings in Europe are all trying to sell crappy condos in Florida.

114   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 2:55pm  

The Craigslist postings in Europe are all trying to sell crappy condos in Florida.
LOL, can there be that much sun in Florida, or are flippers trying to find buyers that far away.

Lots of issues to cover:-
1) Tax implications for rent collected.
2) Foreign ownership.
3)Currency hedging (might be good timing vs USD.)
4) Financing. (Are you foreign national?, as this can help in some euro countries.)

115   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 4:20pm  

There is no correlation between interest rates and equities (real sector).

Unless you are a value based investor, where interest rates determine a suitable price of the equity based on company dividend / equity price.

116   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 4:52pm  

I am still not very sure about having kids. It is not a lifestyle issue. Well, perhaps kinda. It is easier to take career and financial risks without kids.

Hopefully, we can have the means to participate in philanphy when we retire, thus filling the void of old age.

117   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 5:23pm  

Face

I am very impressed at your ability to express the possitive intangibles of having children. ;)

Having 2 kids of my own, I can speak from experience on the kids vs. money/stuff issue. I wouldn't trade parenthood in for all the Escalades and McMansions in the world. Of course there are going to be trade-off's financially and yes, you worry. But there is unbelievable joy as well. Those late nite's up with the baby may sound hard, but when I get to hold that child next to my heart and smell his hair and cuddle him close... let me tell you, there isn't a pet in the world that can evoke the kind of love a parent has for their child.

My husband has a partner who elected to never have kids. He and the wife are still happily married after 25 years or so. They're both successful, millionaires in fact. They have a beautiful home, they go on fabulous vacations, donate huge sums of money to various charities. In short, they have a really great life. But when you go to their house you notice some things. Their place is spectacular, chandeliers from Yugoslavia-- stuff like that. But there are no family photo's on the wall. There are a few pictures of neices and nephews around, but nothing really prominent. The house is always perfectly in order but not really lived in; in fact it's a little sterile. While other people their age are enjoying the grandchildren and having family over during the holidays, they spend much of that time alone. Retirement isn't even on the agenda, even though they could easily afford it because work has filled up the void in their lives that living childless has left. I'm not saying they're unhappy, but I have to say that from where I'm standing, it doesn't look like that much fun to me. My parents don't have the money they do, but they have a home that's filled with activity and grandchildren on a regular basis. And my parents would have a comfortable retirement despite having children if they had planned better-- but that's another story.

When I was in my 20's I was sure I was never going to have kids. My 30's arrived and God only knows why, but kids seemed like a good idea. We definitely have less $$, but who cares? In the long run I still can't take it with me, but when I die I will have lived a full and happy life with the up's and down's of raising a family and that is something I can take with me.

118   HARM   2005 Aug 10, 5:24pm  

Max,

First of all I want to thanks for your treatment above on Monetarism vs Keynesianism. Very useful for using as a model/reference point for the debate at hand.

You've made a large number of posts this evening on a variety of subjects, but the core of your argument seems to be advocating the position that asset bubble corrections are relatively harmless to the "real" economy (defined as the profit-generating business sectors) vs. equity bubble corrections. To make things simpler reference-wise, I've assembled what I think are your key points here from your various posts, with bold-face added for emphasis:

You’ve just unleashed a can of “real-vs-financial sector” model. It is probably the most complex junction of modern economy, and nobody really knows how the two behave, with exception of the IS-LM model. Crashes in asset prices I believe are not that deadly, US has withstood a lot of them. Crashes in equities are much worse…

…I believe, asset prices are irrelevant to the real economy. Basically, when asset prices inflate the money is created in the financial sector, when asset prices deflate, the money is destroyed in the financial sector. Some spillover happens into the real economy, but since the real economy is concerned with earnings, the spillover is contained and short-term.

...Equities are the “real thing” because they generate earnings and wealth. Their valuations is the market expectation of the earnings.

...I view asset bubbles as a zero-sum, purely monetary game. Equities however represent real income-generating economy, and they represent the most important part of a capitalist economy - expectations.

...Assets, IN GENERAL, do not generate earnings. A single-family home is an inefficient, high-maintenance and fragile asset, located in remote suburbs, and poorly designed for generating income - and solely designed for people to live in it.

I think you’ve made some excellent and well argued points here. However, I’m not sure I agree with all of your conclusions with regards to the RE (asset) bubble’s impact ultimately being “relatively harmless” and any fallout “contained and short-term”.

For starters, I wouldn’t be so quick to dismiss the very “real” impact (both economist and layman definitions) of the current RE bubble on consumer spending, which constitutes some 67% of the total U.S. economy. This by itself has generated a huge number of new jobs, and has increased both equity profits and values (the “real economy”), especially those equities which are related to housing. Right now, we have a situation where some 50-70% of job gains since the tech bubble recession are directly or indirectly related to RE gains (new housing construction, cash-out refis, HELOCs, the “wealth effect”, etc.). Even if RE traditionally accounts for only 11-13% of the overall economy, imagine where the Dow & Nasdaq might be right now if the monetarists (Fed) hadn’t started the RE bubble in the first place? I don’t see the “financial” and “real” markets as being that disassociated from one another.

I would like to believe when the easy lending & speculation ends, and housing (non-productive asset) prices revert to the historic mean vs. rents & incomes (as I believe they will –call me crazy if you want) that “the money is destroyed in the financial sector”, but “the spillover is contained and short-term.” When you have an asset class held by 70% of the population --whether it’s “productive” or not— driving so much in the greater consumer economy (including corporate earnings & profits), then it’s bound to have a very nasty and measurable impact when it falls.

And when it falls, I just don’t see what sector in the “real economy” is supposed to pick up the slack in terms of job growth and stimulating (or even sustaining current) consumer spending. There was a time not-so-long ago when America was a net-producer and net-exporter nation, which sustained its growth in real wages and consumption by selling its industrial products around the globe. No longer. It’s difficult to even call the U.S. an “industrialized nation” anymore, when most of the jobs now are service-sector based.

The Fed/Treasury does have the ability to create money out of thin air, and destroy it just as easily, this is true. However, I think it’s a mistake to assume that the repercussions from deflating this particular asset bubble will not be “real” to a great many consumer-dependent businesses and job-dependent consumers.

119   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 5:27pm  

Didn't mean to get on my soapbox. I'm sure Jack can tell the other side and make being childless look like nirvana. But I will stand up and be counted with those who think having children is the best decision I ever made. (other than marrying my wonderful husband)

120   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 5:31pm  

I am just not sure how well I can protect my children from the negative intangibles of this evil world.

121   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 5:34pm  

There will always be risk in the world, but you should never let it stop you from living your life. Don't be motivated by fear.

122   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 5:37pm  

SactoQt,
Nicely put.
I think children add the spice to life.

123   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 5:42pm  

AntiTroll from Oz

Thank you

Peter P

I will add that for some reason having children does enable you to look at thinks from a more optimistic pov. I think it's because the world is so fascinating through the eyes of a child, and you forget this until you get to experience it again with your own.

OK
I'm done

124   HARM   2005 Aug 10, 5:46pm  

One of the most confusing things for me is the high P/E ratios for all capital holdings nowadays - even equities are at historically high P/Es. Bonds too, as well as assets.

Max, could it be that all capital holdings --real or financial-- are due for a correction? I certainly hope not, because we'll need for equities to pick up the slack when housing-driven consumption plummets.

125   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 10, 5:50pm  

Harm,
Maybe the pension funds are supporting the markets, and a correction will only be achieved as people draw down on their funds.

126   HARM   2005 Aug 10, 6:01pm  

Wow, SactoQt -- You really put things into perspective!

You put all the materialistic money-grubbing yuppies to shame. Sounds like wealth can't hold a candle to parenthood.

Heck, your speech might even have the power turn MP into a kind, generous, open-minded... WHO THE HELL AM I KIDDING?? It will go right over his head!

127   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 6:04pm  

Heck, your speech might even have the power turn MP into a kind, generous, open-minded… WHO THE HELL AM I KIDDING?? It will go right over his head!

Lol
With any luck the rapid improvement we've seen in MP is just an indication of greater improv... *snort...chuckle....sniffle* er....improvements to come. :)

128   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 6:06pm  

Heck, your speech might even have the power turn MP into a kind, generous, open-minded…

MP did open up quite a bit don't you think? ;)

I still think that I will be a horrible parent. Perhaps my view is going to change in a few years...

129   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 6:09pm  

Peter P

Now who's selling themselves short? ;)
You seem very thoughtful, I think you'd do very well. Besides, you have insurance on your cat, you couldn't be all that bad.

130   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 6:10pm  

Maybe the pension funds are supporting the markets, and a correction will only be achieved as people draw down on their funds.

In that case I will have more faith in stocks. The governemt can still flood the market with more debt (the return of US30). There is no massive IPO second-wave yet...

131   SQT15   2005 Aug 10, 6:11pm  

Getting late and my much mentioned children will be up early. Nite all.

132   Peter P   2005 Aug 10, 6:12pm  

SactoQt, thanks for your encouragement.

133   HARM   2005 Aug 10, 6:17pm  

@ Mr.Right,

RE: Krugman, I will repeat what I posted in the other thread:

"I would not fall into the trap of buying into the “broken clock” theory, or blaming someone for being too prescient. After all, didn’t Greenspan himself call the NASDAQ bubble 4 years too early with that “irrational exhuberance” speech? Imagine if people had actually listened to him then, instead of cowing him into submission?

Calling the exact top to any asset bubble it difficult at best, impossible at worst, because (all together now!): Asset bubbles tend to last much longer and grow far bigger than any reasonable person at the time would have thought possible. Missing the exact peak doesn’t mean there's no bubble, any more than missing the exact trough proves there was no correction.

Yes, if you put off a buying decision 100% because of listening to the “early birds” you missed out on some juicy paper gains. On the other hand, if you bought recently using an NAAVLP and overextended to the hilt, you’ll soon come to wish you had listened to the early birds instead. And as to those recent paper gains… “What the market giveth, the market taketh away.”

Another thing that gets me is how quick bulls are to pounce on anyone who questions the “wisdom” of gambling on bubble-inflated assets, while uber-bulls are NEVER criticized, no matter how horribly wrong they are.

Take those two idiots who wrote “Dow 36,000″ right before the tech bubble burst — James K. Glassman & Kevin Hassett. You might think they’d be hiding out, hanging their heads in shame/ignominy. But, you’d be wrong! Guess where they are now? A: still writing for the Washington Post, National Review, etc. and shilling their clueless bull$hit to the unsuspecting public."

134   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 11, 1:17am  

Max,
Does the real economy include the factories and businesses in China?
Globalisation has meant that the economic system now includes many more types of forces and politics that operate differently to the traditional models.

135   HARM   2005 Aug 11, 2:29am  

Max, I hope you are right. That would be the best possible outcome in my book --having the equities/business sector pick up the slack in the economy, while home prices gradually fall back to the historic mean. A shallow and hopefully short-lived recession, followed by sustainable growth and wage gains.

136   HARM   2005 Aug 11, 3:01am  

There has been a lot of talk about the European Middle Class (EMC) on this thread, and I would like to put in my $.02. Firstly it seems many people on this site seem to idealize the EMC, they aren’t doing as good as it seems many people think. Unemployment is huge on the Continent, Great Britain ain’t doing so good either. They’ve lost their blue collar manufacturing base, and there is no upward mobility anymore (if there ever was). Over regulation has destroyed Europe, they are not efficient or competitive. I really don’t want the U.S. to turn into what Europe has become.

Any former/current European residents out there care to repsond? ptiemann?

I lived in the UK several months as an exchange student 15 years ago, which is hardly enough time to give me a wholistic picture of the entire region, but it didn't seem horribly bleak and at least everyone had healthcare and a place to live. It wasn't any Socialist Shangri-La , either. Plenty of evidence that the old Imperial/generational class structure was still in place, and most working class people lived quite modestly by our standards.

137   KurtS   2005 Aug 11, 3:29am  

There has been a lot of talk about the European Middle Class (EMC) on this thread, and I would like to put in my $.02. Firstly it seems many people on this site seem to idealize the EMC, they aren’t doing as good as it seems many people think...and there is no upward mobility anymore (if there ever was).

Sure, I'll be first to say my knowledge is very limted (and to Switzerland only) I wasn't so much a resident, as an extended visitor. In general, people I know do generally well over there--but their definition of "doing well" is rather different than here. From what I saw, 'SMC' people tend to make do on a lot less; it's a social ethic. Agreed on the 'upward mobility' aspect. If you don't like your cr@ppy bank job in Zürich, it's pretty hard to remake your career midstream. However, I would like their unemployment benefits, which struck me as rather generous (80% of annual salary I recall).

138   Peter P   2005 Aug 11, 4:12am  

So which parts of Europe have housing prices that are 10X salaries?

I bet those are the bubble parts. Face Reality, why would you think that we are becoming like that on a national basis?

139   Peter P   2005 Aug 11, 7:37am  

New thread: Construction Quality.

140   HARM   2005 Aug 11, 1:15pm  

inquiring mind Says:
Hmmm….no new posts in 3 hours….no new links in 2 days….time to spice things up around here HARM & Patrick!

Um, well, I do have a paying job and life to tend to. And my time here is donated, sooo... how about a new thread from YOU, inquiring mind? ;-)

141   Peter P   2005 Aug 11, 1:28pm  

The writer doesn’t seem to know much about FAnnie Mae, Freddie Mac, etc. Their loans are NOT, repeat NOT guaranteed by th eFederal Gov.

We know. This is why I will not touch any fund with MBS exposure. However, even the credit rating agencies said that the rating of Fannie depends on the implicit federal guarantee.

if you know where to find it, or know what a charter is.

If you have such a low opinion of us, do not bother posting here.

142   HARM   2005 Aug 11, 1:37pm  

This is pretty idiotic. What an arrogant ass.

Takes one to know, eh, Carter?

I obviously touched a raw nerve here or two. You work for the BLS or something? You know, last time I checked the intro said these were "my ideas", not "GOD'S ETERNAL TRUTH".

If you don't agree with them, how about posting your own ideas --if you have any.

143   HARM   2005 Aug 11, 1:41pm  

Btw, Carter,

If you'd really like to learn more about why I (and many others on this blog and elsewhere) believe the official CPI numbers are fudged, or why the taxpayer is still likely to get stuck bailing out the GSEs DESPITE AG's public assurances to the contrary, go back and read the older threads.

You might learn something. However, given your rude insulting tone, I doubt that learning anything is your true aim here.

144   SQT15   2005 Aug 11, 4:49pm  

Carter basically admitted he's a realtor. I'd be interested to know how long he's held that position. My guess-- he used to be in tech.

145   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 11, 10:36pm  

The writer doesn’t seem to know much about FAnnie Mae, Freddie Mac, etc. Their loans are NOT, repeat NOT guaranteed by the Federal Gov

BUT, doesn't the following apply:-

If you owe the bank 1 million, then you have a problem.
But if you owe the bank 100 million, then the bank has a problem.

146   AntiTroll from Oz   2005 Aug 11, 11:01pm  

Appraisers contribute virtually nothing to the process because they
basically count bedrooms and bathrooms and square footage.

BUT don't they green light the big fat loan.

147   SQT15   2005 Aug 12, 2:35am  

Disregard all those posts at the end of this thread (except from AntiTroll) Some dumbAss realtor using the same IP address keeps changing their email and screen name to appear as different people and then proceeds to post retarded no logic posts. What a tool. And we thought MP had no life...

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