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Per kilowatt of capacity, natural gas construction costs averaged $820 in 2022, whereas average solar construction costs rose to $1,588 and average wind construction costs rose to $1,451. Natural gas construction is about half as expensive as either solar or wind. And that’s before considering that solar and wind are only running between a quarter and a third of the time.
Increases in solar construction costs were driven by a 13% increase in crystalline silicon tracking panel costs, the kind of solar panel that follows the sun’s movement and the most common type of U.S. solar panel installation, which increased to $1,605 per kilowatt. Wind turbine construction costs were driven by wind farms with turbines larger than 100 megawatts of capacity and less than 200 megawatts, which grew by 10%.
Natural gas construction costs decreased largely due to sharp decreases in the cost of combined-cycle facilities, which declined 42% in 2022 to $722 per kilowatt. Combined cycle is the most common type of natural gas-fired generator, is highly efficient, and is used for baseload consistent power generation.
"In 2014, intelligence led then NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen to conclude that Moscow had colluded with environmental groups to block fracking in Romania, Lithuania and Bulgaria. "Russia, as part of its sophisticated information and disinformation operations, has actively engaged with so-called non-governmental organizations - environmental groups opposed to shale gas - to maintain dependence on Russian gas imports," Rasmussen said.
... the large interannual-to-decadal variability in Antarctic sea ice makes this analysis inconclusive about the sign or pattern of Antarctic sea ice response to anthropogenic forcing over the historical period.
A new paper written by zoologist Dr Susan Crockford to mark International Polar Bear Day today has found that global polar bear numbers have continued to rise. Numbers have been steadily increasing since 2005, with 2018 data estimating the highest number of polar bears globally since they were protected by international treaty in 1973.
The Hunga Tonga eruption on January 15, 2022 had a significant impact on the climate and atmosphere, which in turn affected the sea ice conditions in the Baltic Sea. The eruption released an enormous amount of energy, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and other gases into the stratosphere. This caused a temporary cooling effect as the sulfur particles interacted with sunlight, reflecting some of it back into space and reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. This cooling effect was observed in various parts of the world, including the Baltic Sea region. The cooling influence from the eruption likely contributed to the formation and thickening of sea ice in the Baltic Sea during the months following the eruption. In addition, the atmospheric disturbances caused by the eruption, such as changes in wind patterns and air pressure, can also influence sea ice growth and distribution. These factors, combined with the usual seasonal cooling in the region, led to the formation of more extensive and thicker sea ice in the Baltic Sea later in 2022.
In contrast, the H2O injection was unprecedented in both magnitude (far exceeding any previous values in the 17‐year MLS record) and altitude (penetrating into the mesosphere). We estimate the mass of H2O injected into the stratosphere to be 146 ± 5 Tg, or ∼10% of the stratospheric burden. It may take several years for the H2O plume to dissipate. This eruption could impact climate not through surface cooling due to sulfate aerosols, but rather through surface warming due to the radiative forcing from the excess stratospheric H2O.
A new paper written by zoologist Dr Susan Crockford to mark International Polar Bear Day today has found that global polar bear numbers have continued to rise. Numbers have been steadily increasing since 2005, with 2018 data estimating the highest number of polar bears globally since they were protected by international treaty in 1973.
Last month, the Daily Sceptic highlighted the practice at the U.K. Met Office of inventing temperature averages from over 100 non-existent measuring stations. Helpfully, the Met Office went so far as to supply coordinates, elevations and purposes of the imaginary sites. Following massive interest across social media and frequent reposting of the Daily Sceptic article, the Met Office has amended its ludicrous claims. The move has not been announced in public, needless to say, since drawing attention to this would open a pandora’s box and run the risk of subjecting all the Met Office temperature claims to wider scrutiny. Instead, the Met Office has discreetly renamed its “U.K. climate averages” page as “Location-specific long-term averages”.
“Defendants are liable for continuing trespass and shall remove the wind farm from the Osage Minerals Estate and return the Osage Minerals Estate to its pre-trespass condition on or before December 1, 2025.”
It’s difficult to overstate the importance of this ruling. Enel has said that removing the 84 turbines in the Osage wind project would cost the company $300 million. Whatever the cost, the fact that a federal court has ordered the removal of the turbines is unprecedented.
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